Clay Shirky's Keynote at CfA Summit 2013
編輯歷史
| 時間 | 作者 | 版本 |
|---|---|---|
| 2017-07-07 16:49 – 16:50 | r0 – r1 | |
顯示 diff+ Clay Shirky's Keynote at CfA Summit 2013
+ *via TAHR-PAS: 零時政府的第一年 總結與展望:"作家 Clay Shirky 在 CfA Summit 會議致詞時說：「黑客松的主要產物，並不是會動的程式，而是參與者之間發展出的人際關係。」"
+ *Youtube 影片 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aXQb-yhqktQ
+ *字幕轉檔：Youtube + Google2srt ，可能會有小錯字，歡迎邊聽邊校對
+ *共 428 句，請簽名認領，並同意以 "CC-By 4.0 g0v.tw contributors" 授權：venev (先 1~70)
+ *發現 Youtube 時間軸太怪而且錯字不少，先把英文字幕校正、整併成逐字稿式文章好了
+ *youtube 自動字幕有辦法送 patch 到回去到哪邊嗎？
+ *目前似乎沒辦法。另外，要加掛其它語種字幕，似乎要有影片管理員權限，因此只能重新上傳影片再加掛中文字幕。如果該影片本身並非 CC 授權，就會有點討厭。
+
+ *影片中文字幕釋出！感謝 nypgand1 翻譯 +++++++
+ 中文字幕影片：http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_YPR-jGaV78
+ 中文逐字稿：https://gist.github.com/kiang/9071532
+ *以下歡迎協作、潤稿，讓整篇逐字稿更加精確、好讀
+ *今天試圖把換行改掉變文章格式，弄十行就放棄了 ><
+ *文字工人為了敲打出最佳呈現形式，也是要不斷 Try and error 啊啊啊，之前校對英文也是這樣 >"<
+
+ 謝謝大家
+ 能來到這邊是我的榮幸
+ 讓我先從一些歷史講起
+ 我想這可以作為一種定調
+ 為我現在要談的變化來定調
+ 在90年代初期 ... 抱歉是90年代晚期
+ 有個人叫 Larry Sanger
+ 他在「知識學」領域
+ 專門研究人類如何實證「信念」
+ 很幸運地
+ 他爭取到了一個身為「知識學家」為數不多的職缺
+ 工作是協助開發一個全新百科全書
+ 叫做「Nupedia」
+ 當時類似的東西已經有一大堆
+ 已經有其他百科全書專案正在進行
+ 像是「Everything2」和「h2g2」
+ 「Nupedia」將會是另一個線上百科全書
+ 而「Nupedia」的特點是
+ 他們將聘請專家寫文章
+ 他們構築嚴謹的流程
+ 在發布之前開發、認證、確認、實證文章
+ 所以他們設計出一套流程
+ 聘請這些專家
+ 然後就這樣開始了
+ 但他們卻沒有進行得很順利
+ 在投入「Nupedia」約九個月的時間後
+ 他們大概只發布了一打的文章
+ 所以這個步調是不怎麼快
+ 而他們就像新創公司一樣
+ 他們沒有大量的資金
+ Sanger 也知道大難臨頭了
+ 所以找上聘請他們的人
+ Jimmy Wales
+ 他說：「這個『Nupedia』看來行不通」
+ 「我們得試試別的」
+ Ward Cunningham 把這個東西稱作「wiki」
+ 可以說是一種共同協作編輯的站台
+ 那為什麼我們不試試「wiki」
+ 作為一個只是為了撐下去的方法
+ 來接電發動這台沒電的「創造列車」
+ 既然看起來似乎也別無選擇
+ 他們就這樣推出了「wiki」
+ Sanger 開始找人寫一些零碎的文章
+ 這就是「Wikipedia」出生的過程
+ 剩下的故事都是大家耳熟能詳的歷史
+ 短短幾個月之間
+ 「Wikipedia」已經產出遠遠多於
+ 「Nupedia」整個高度計畫性的一生的文章量
+ 就發生在該年的年底
+ 「Nupedia」關閉，而「Wikipedia」則是蓄勢待發
+ 所以先記著這件事
+ 今年 (2013) 八月
+ 在我住的地方─紐約
+ 有個叫 Patrick McConlogue 的人
+ 23歲
+ 在一家名為「打倒資本家」的紐約公司工作
+ 他像大家一樣在上下班的路上奔波
+ 他像大家一樣看見很多無家可歸的人
+ 但這次有一個傢伙對著他站起來
+ 他說那傢伙看起來並不是極度苦惱
+ 那傢伙看起來並不是十惡不赦
+ 接著 McConlogue 發了一篇文章
+ 關於這次的觀察、關於這個流浪漢
+ 文章的標題是
+ 《找到那些不該無家可歸的人，並且教他們寫程式》
+ McConlogue 的策略是
+ 去跟這個傢伙說
+ 「我明天會再來」
+ 「你要我給你一百美元」
+ 「還是你要三本 JavaScript 程式的書和一台筆電？」
+ 這篇文幾乎是一發表就招來許多訕笑
+ 它所隱含的卻被完全忽略
+ 這一切的開端
+ 是因為有一種人是「不該無家可歸的人」
+ 而且你能從流浪漢之中分辨出這些人
+ 他就去見了這個他一無所知的傢伙
+ 甚至不想費心知道這傢伙的名字
+ 在第一篇文章中他稱這傢伙為「駭客學徒」
+ 而網路一如往常地
+ 為之轟動
+ 批評同時像雪片般飛來
+ 細節被越挖越多
+ McConlogue 的 CrunchBase 資料被挖了出來
+ 是的，他確實有 CrunchBase
+ 其中大頭貼是 McConlogue 站在一艘船上
+ 就在船舵的後方
+ 手裡拿著一罐大瓶啤酒
+ 我有提過 McConlogue 長怎樣嗎
+ 你現在大概已經可以想像的到了
+ Leo，那個無家可歸的傢伙
+ 是個黑人，你大概也已經猜到
+ 就只是這樣繼續下去
+ 我對這件事很有興趣
+ 就開始讀那些批評
+ 那些批評超多，而且超精彩
+ 我偶然看到了 Noreen Malone 的文章
+ 發表在 New Republic 的文章
+ Malone 說
+ 「不要拿這種不實際的白日夢來煩我」
+ 「這拿來創業可能有用」
+ 「但不適用於思考社會問題」
+ 這個說法讓我愣了一下
+ 因為
+ 這聽起來不太對勁，不是嗎？
+ 不能因為你正在考慮的是社會問題
+ 你就必須接受
+ 所有現有的限制都是無可奈何的
+ 這聽起來甚至不像在解決問題
+ 而像是直接投降
+ 所以後來我又繼續回去讀批評
+ 但這次帶著全新的眼光
+ 看看大家覺得
+ 這個問題是否真的是無可奈何
+ 我也開始讀文章下方的回應
+ 又一次，回應也同樣離題
+ 回應裡有些人說
+ 「嘿！這人試著做點事情」
+ 「雖然有點笨拙甚至滑稽」
+ 「但至少他在做點什麼，別這麼嚴苛」
+ 但還有另一種回應
+ 令人難以置信地苛刻
+ 但他們的苛刻不是針對 McConlogue
+ 他們是針對 Leo
+ 這些苛刻的評論者
+ 他們一輩子沒有為這個人留神過
+ 卻很「樂意」說出
+ 「他明顯是個酒鬼」
+ 「他一定沉迷於毒品」
+ 「他可能是個小偷」
+ 那些對眾人熱議的流浪漢最苛刻的人們
+ 和那些認為 McConlogue 會失敗的人們
+ 越來越不掩飾他們希望 McConlogue 會失敗
+ 無論 McConlogue 再怎麼做
+ 他都更加深他們的理念
+ 認為流浪漢是個無法控制的問題
+ 我這才意識到我一直在用錯的方式在讀批評
+ 我以前都一邊看批評一邊說
+ 「我同意這個、我不同意那個」
+ 「這看起來是對的、那看起來是錯的」
+ 但這不是批評的重要之處
+ 批評的重要之處是在於
+ 它到底有沒有幫助
+ Matt Yglesias
+ 寫了一篇值得深思的文章批評 McConlogue
+ 以教導 JavaScript 程式這種方式來拯救流浪漢
+ 他說：「嘿！我們都知道流浪漢的問題」
+ 「我們都知道無家可歸是起因於他們沒有家」
+ 「解決問題的第一步是給他一個住處」
+ 「如果不這樣做，你沒有解決任何問題」
+ 對於這種評論你可以有很多反應
+ 你可以說
+ 「這很有趣，我們沒有注意到這點」
+ 「我會改變我的作法」
+ 你可以說：「我認為在紐約市是不同的」
+ 「我認為對於某些類流浪漢」
+ 「或是某些情況下，它是不同的」
+ 但幾乎任何你能對 Yglesias 這篇文所做出的反應
+ 都會讓你更聰明
+ 這就是有幫助性的批評
+ 幫助性批評會說
+ 「我看見了你在那邊正在嘗試做的」
+ 「我不認為那會可行」
+ 「但來我這個角度」
+ 「讓我展示從我的觀點看到的世界是什麼樣子」
+ 然而還有另一種批評
+ 跟 Yglesias 一樣苛刻
+ 跟 Yglesias 一樣懷疑
+ 但用完全不同的方式
+ 這種批評充滿腐蝕性
+ 他不是給出他的觀點
+ 而是直接要你停止
+ 就只要你停止你正在做的事
+ 他不是要你用別的方法解決這個問題
+ 而是直接要你「走開」
+ 腐蝕性的批評
+ 是針對解決問題的人
+ 而不是問題本身
+ 如果你聽聽那些幫助性的批評
+ 也不是都歡樂又光明
+ 很多幫助性的批評非常地苛刻
+ 而且帶來傷害
+ 但真正的問題是：他有沒有讓你更聰明
+ 腐蝕性的批評則相反
+ 腐蝕性的批評幾乎就定義是
+ 不讓你更聰明地面對問題
+ 而看著這些
+ 看著這兩種對 McConlogue 批評之間的角力
+ 我想沒有一個簡單的方法
+ 來突顯 McConlogue 試圖做到的
+ 同 Leo、對 Leo、為 Leo 這個流浪漢所做的
+ 部份是好的，部份是壞的
+ 沒有簡單的解答
+ 沒有一個觀點可以闡明一切
+ 接著我體認到該好好地探究一番
+ 我還有為了探究其他兩件事而活
+ 其中之一是網路的通用性
+ 另一個就是社群媒體可行、吃重和擴展的可能性
+ 大致上可以這麼說：一些新的工具冒出頭
+ 人們看著它想「我可以用他做新的事」
+ 任何新的科技使新事物成為可能
+ 這就是它的功用
+ 如果有一樣東西它不能創造新的可能
+ 那要嘛它不是新的，要嘛它就不是科技
+ 當你得到一項新的科技，你不知道該如何使用它
+ 所以你四處走走，尋找它可能適合的地方
+ 這就會經常遭受批評說
+ 「這是在為工具找問題」
+ 但這當然是這樣
+ 當我們在九十年代初有了網路的時候
+ 世界沒有一樣東西像網路
+ 所以我們東試試、西試試
+ 賣飛機票的方式不像網路、賣書的方式不像網路
+ 搜索引擎，甚至連個影子都沒有
+ 所以一開始的反應都是「喔，這不可行」
+ 接著它就開始可行了
+ 再來的反應就是：「喔，這不長久」
+ 然後它就開始長久了
+ 接續的反應是：「喔，這沒辦法擴展」
+ 接著它就開始擴展了
+ 然後你才意識到要來深究它
+ 你才跟大家一樣了解到
+ 這個東西與生俱來就為世界帶來了可能性
+ 當初網路發生過一次
+ 社群媒體發生過一次
+ 看著 McConlogue 和 Leo 這次事件
+ 我認為現在又正在發生
+ 這個叫做「公民媒體」的概念
+ 我們不再是用簡單想法和解答在辯論
+ 不再只是拿來找路坑
+ 不再只是用來認養消防栓
+ 我們把它延伸到系統的各部份
+ 我們實際上就是在找它合適之處和理由
+ 所以這就是為什麼
+ 分辨出幫助性批評和腐蝕性批評會如此重要
+ 你必須要聽幫助性的批評
+ 即使他們尖酸、即使他們苛刻、即使他們氣憤
+ 因為應對它們會讓你更聰明
+ 你無須理會腐蝕性批評
+ 不是因為他們是錯的，他們幾乎總是對的
+ 如果你想要感受一下當天才的感覺
+ 那就去找個有人在嘗試新事物的地方
+ 並告訴他們，他們會失敗
+ 你10次會有9次是對的，20次會有19次是對的
+ 你甚至不必了解他們正在解決的問題
+ 演算法簡單如下
+ 無窮迴圈：預測失敗
+ 你幾乎每試必中，輕鬆寫意
+ 但腐蝕性批評要你相信的東西
+ 就是這句話
+ 「幾乎怎麼做都沒有用」
+ 顯然是個正確的句子
+ 跟「怎麼做都沒有用」是一樣的
+ 但這句完全錯誤
+ 在人類歷史上的每個成功
+ 都穿過了這個針眼般的縫隙
+ 在人類歷史上的每個成功
+ 都像線一樣通過了
+ 「幾乎怎麼做都沒有用」
+ 所以要了解
+ 你是在什麼情況下去解決你的問題
+ 你必須弄清楚
+ 你把自己交付到的是什麼環境
+ 你要用什麼資源，以及適合用在哪裡
+ 你要怎麼對付這個問題
+ 以及怎麼定義這個問題
+ 最容易對付的問題、最完美的問題
+ 就是「科技問題」
+ 問題只在於你少了所需的資訊
+ 如果你懂了
+ 如果你要解決的問題，只是需要更多的資訊
+ 而你使用數位工具，那根本是天堂
+ 過去十年，這類工具能解決的問題不是碰巧
+ 像是路坑報修
+ 或許因為沒有路坑議員需要你去對付
+ 或許市長的小舅子有個柏油廠
+ 還用比你想像中貴的價錢去修路坑
+ 但說真的，問題只在資訊
+ 如果我能找出路坑
+ 我就可以作的更好
+ 這超讚的
+ 路坑是一個問題，問題有了解法
+ 這是再好不過了
+ 如果你是在處理一個科技問題
+ 你可以迅速進展，而不會有太多政治麻煩
+ 除了科技問題之外，再上去還有「管理問題」
+ 管理問題就會有一股緊張之弦
+ 在「政府和政府試圖要做的」
+ 與「公民和公民試圖要做的」之間拉扯
+ 幾乎很多時候
+ 必須要用更複雜的方式來溝通協調
+ 當紐約市推出公用自行車計劃
+ 他放上了一個地圖，然後基本上是說
+ 「你想要租車站在哪裡，哪裡就會有一個」
+ 當然大家會說
+ 「我點，我要一個就在我家旁邊」
+ 「我點，我要一個就在我公司旁邊」
+ 現在這看起來像是路坑問題
+ 在幫助我們找到可行的街角來放租車站
+ 這是檯面上的理由
+ 我們在把租車站的建置位置「群眾外包」
+ 而檯面下的理由
+ 則是要讓人們登錄進這個地圖，然後說
+ 「我的天！好多人對公用自行車計劃都很興奮」
+ 這個地圖不只是揭露資訊
+ 它打從一開始就助長創造「計畫支持者」
+ 管理問題比科技問題複雜得多
+ 因為它不只需要資訊，還需要政治意願
+ 需要跟公民溝通
+ 而且要比只傳張附文字路坑圖片還更強烈
+ 管理問題再上去就是「政治問題」
+ 政治問題是最艱難的
+ 政治問題即便在政府內部都會有歧見
+ 當還只是在建構可能辦法的時候就會
+ 你可以想像得到一個沒有建築物的城市
+ 但是很難會有一個沒有妓女的城市
+ 「妓女問題」沒有辦法完全解決
+ 因為人們甚至對解決的目標都沒有共識
+ 我不只是指美國政治常見的左右派之分
+ 即便是同一陣營
+ 即便都是極左派
+ 都是有部份人想要消滅性工作
+ 而有部份人想要讓性工作成為一個更好的工作
+ 而這個問題永遠沒有一個解答
+ 因為這個問題在簡單的定義上就有衝突
+ 一旦上到了政治層級
+ 你不再是在處理問題，你是在處理兩難
+ 而你不會有一個解答，你只能權衡
+ 所以你必須了解
+ 你能權衡的是什麼
+ 因此，如果人們想讓你錯亂
+ 每當有人嘗試新東西，就會有人出來搗亂
+ 最容易的干擾方式
+ 就是暗示說你正在處理的問題不是真正的問題
+ 如果你在處理一個科技問題
+ 如果你說我只是需要更多的資訊來解決問題
+ 我可以跳進來說
+ 「沒錯，你在解決路坑問題」
+ 「但真正需要解決的是全市的交通」
+ 「你的小玩意不夠好」
+ 如果你在處理一個巨大的政治問題
+ 像是增加全市交通流量
+ 我可以跳進來說
+ 「這完全不切實際，你應該從路坑開始」
+ 我永遠可以讓你錯亂
+ 只要暗示你處理的層級是一個錯誤的層級
+ 你必須了解你正在做什麼的原因之一
+ 就是要避免被干擾
+ 避免被無論是規模較大或較小的問題干擾
+ 你還必須搞清楚什麼適合你
+ 你是不是只是要想收集更多資訊
+ 你是不是試圖在公民和政府之間搭起橋樑
+ 還是你實際上是想要解決政府內部的爭論
+ 而還是民生問題這類最艱難的政治問題
+ 舉個例子
+ 「Porto Alegre」式的公民參與預算
+ 已經就在我們身邊，具體成文
+ 而且是可行又有效的
+ 雖然推行的速度非常非常慢
+ 因為任何碰觸到一點政治流程的東西
+ 真的都很難改變
+ 那為什麼這些很重要
+ 要能分辨出幫助性和腐蝕性批評
+ 要知道你解決的問題是哪個層級
+ 因為你所擁有最重要的資源
+ 不是你的策略、你的計畫、你的戰略
+ 也不是你的工具、你的技術、還是專案管理
+ 你所擁有最重要的資源
+ 是你改變自己的能力
+ 從長遠來看，這才是重要的
+ 在我昨天飛來這的途中
+ 我看到了一則有趣的新聞
+ Leo
+ 那個帶著筆電和 JS 書的流浪漢
+ 昨天上午被捕
+ 紐約警察把他從板凳上帶去市區
+ 以睡在公園裡為由逮捕
+ 因為他沒有任何家可以回
+ McConlogue 一如往常到了他們見面的地方
+ 發現 Leo 不見了，發現咖啡杯散落一地
+ 意識到事情大條了
+ 找了個交通警察問說
+ 「那個板凳上的人，你看見他到哪去了嗎？」
+ 交通警察說「有，他被捕了」
+ 接著 McConlogue 就去了市區
+ 試圖保釋 Leo 出獄
+ 並且爭取那台被沒收的筆電
+ 現在仍在進行中，事情尚未明朗
+ Leo 仍然被關押
+ 他的筆電仍然在警察身上
+ 而 McConlogue 還在努力中
+ 這或許會成功
+ McConlogue 這方有大量的資源
+ 現在他們得到了多家媒體的關注
+ 起因是 McConlogue 幾個月前展開的行動
+ 雖然 Leo 的情況好轉了
+ 但並不是因為找到了流浪漢問題的通解
+ 這基本上是個童話般的教父故事
+ Tim O’Reilly 指出童話故事無法擴展其應用
+ 但我不覺得這是這個故事它重要的部份
+ 重要的部份是
+ McConlogue 從一個
+ 隨意把流浪漢分為「應該」和「不該」的人
+ 一個自在地談論流浪漢
+ 卻未曾費心了解他目標對象名字的人
+ 他從這樣子一個人
+ 變成了一個願意犧牲自己的工作天試圖保出朋友的人
+ 我告訴你，作為一個紐約人
+ 沒有人會自願和紐約警察有任何瓜葛
+ 那是個很大的轉變
+ 長期來看這可能不重要
+ 可能只是一個 McConlogue 下次在船上跟朋友分享的故事
+ 關於他在此時此刻做的這件事
+ 這是很可能會發生的
+ 但很清楚的是 McConlogue 不會學到他現在所學到的
+ 不會了解流浪漢問題
+ 不會了解那些流浪漢所要面對的困難
+ 如果他不是從一個錯誤的想法開始
+ 而且願意實地去嘗試點什麼
+ 什麼都不做的人
+ 是不會學到新東西的
+ 這種可能性
+ 這種邊做邊學的可能性
+ 就是在這邊最重要的資源
+ 政府老是搞不懂這一點
+ 政府幾乎是被設計來搞錯這件事的
+ 政府說：「有啊，我們有一個大專案」
+ 「我們做了所有的規劃，但進行得不順利」
+ 「我知道，下次我們只會更用力地去計劃」
+ 你不能期待只是更加用力地去計劃，就可以得到你要的
+ 你不能期待只是方向瞄地更準，就可以把火箭送上月球
+ 必須開始做並一邊修正
+ 另一種極端情況也不管用
+ 有一種人說：「我知道了，我們舉辦駭客松」
+ 「在比賽期間，我們會想出一個解決方法」
+ 這樣也不管用
+ 駭客松不會讓你有解答
+ 駭客松會讓你在一天半內做出一個引人注目的混搭品
+ 駭客松的作用不是得到一個解答
+ 駭客松的作用是對問題更透徹地理解
+ 駭客松的產物不是能動的程式
+ 而是在參與者間所建立的社會資本
+ 所以我們都學了一課
+ 我們都從「Nupedia」的故事裡學了一課
+ 大家都知道「Nupedia」的失敗，是因為過多的流程
+ 經歷過官僚的人都知道
+ 當你開發新東西是像「Nupedia」一樣有七步的流程
+ 代表著你有七個不同的地方可能使你完全停滯
+ 這是我們從故事中學到的
+ 但還有更深層的故事在裡頭
+ 就在於讓「Nupedia」失敗的人
+ 與讓「Wikipedia」成功的人身上
+ 當 Sanger 需要人來嘗試「wiki」
+ 他並沒有到網路上然後公開說
+ 「來個人吧，我們試試這個」
+ 而是找上共事九個月的同事
+ 一起試著換個方式打造百科全書
+ 他們建立了足夠的信任
+ 對於目標有足夠的掌握度
+ 而且願意嘗試新的東西
+ 他也沒有要他們給出承諾
+ 沒有要他們保證「wiki」一定會大成功
+ 他很苦惱地去找他們
+ 他很謙虛地去找他們
+ 他說：「聽著，這可能行不通」
+ 「但也敷衍我一下，花個五分鐘嘗試看看」
+ 「Nupedia」的成果
+ 不是一個失敗的百科全書和死掉的網址
+ 「Nupedia」的成果
+ 是人們願意嘗試新東西
+ 「Wikipedia」這個世界史上最被廣泛使用的百科全書
+ 只是個 B 計劃
+ 這種能力
+ 這種能把眾人集結起來的能力
+ 因為信任和專注使他們能夠嘗試新的東西
+ 幾乎是這裡最關鍵的一點
+ 剛剛說的可能不是你的經歷
+ 當你在設計專案
+ 你的計劃 A 可能執行得很好
+ 它有時會發生
+ 但並不是常有的事
+ 當你在設定什麼是你想做的事
+ 或是對那些經歷過這種過程的人來說
+ 最重要的是去體悟
+ 你正在建立，你自己理解問題的能力
+ 無論你開始著手處理之後遇到了什麼
+ 那都是最寶貴的資源
+ 我所見過的最好的硬體原型之一
+ Bernadette 帶到我其中一堂課上，她說
+ 「我曾經以為我會建立第一個原型」
+ 「以之向客戶展示他們問題的解決方案」
+ 「但我卻體認到」
+ 「你建立的第一個原型是為了向客戶表明」
+ 「客戶根本還不了解他們的問題」
+ 很多時候你很難了解人們
+ 甚至他們直接告訴你他們要什麼
+ 直到你可以展示一些完全錯誤的東西
+ 另外一種能力
+ 這種說「我們盡可能規劃」的能力
+ 「我們盡可能了解問題」的能力
+ 「我們朝著這個方向」的能力
+ 是有用的，你必須這麼做
+ 但你也不得不說
+ 我們也必須知道
+ 「我們自己才是最重要的資源」
+ 努力解決問題的人們，從過程中學習的能力
+ 由此而改變我們的想法
+ 這才是從長遠來看成敗的起因
+ 因為歷史中那些成功的大專案
+ 幾乎沒有一個最終是當初開始的樣子
+ 當你看著那些最後行得通的方法
+ 你將會發現
+ 一開始怎麼做並不重要
+ 重要的是，接下來怎麼做
+ 謝謝大家，祝你好運
+
+ *以下英文字幕由 Youtube 自動生成，僅校對一小段
+ Thank you all. It is a pleasure to be here.
+ Let me start with a little bit of history that I think would set some of the tone for the changes I'm seeing now.
+
+ So in the early nineteen...... in the late 1990s rather, a guy named Larry Sanger who was an epistemologist, somebody who specialized in the study of how we justify belief, lucked out he got one of the few open
+ positions available for a epistemologist. He was hired to help develop a new
+ encyclopedia was called NUPEDIA, "NU."
+
+ And there was a lot of this in the air at that time. There were other encyclopedia projects going on with
+ names like Everything2 and H2G2. And NUPEDIA was going to be another of these online encyclopedia projects. And the thing that characterize NUPEDIA was they were going to recruit experts to write the articles, they were gonna build a rigorous process for developing and certifying and vetting
+ in fact-checking the articles before they got published.
+
+ So they design this process, they recruit this expert, they get going, but they don't get going very far.
+ About nine months into NUPEDIA they have created something like a dozen articles. So the pace of this, not fast. And they founded like a startup, so they don't have a huge amount of money. And Sanger can see the writing on the wall. So he goes to the guy that hired him, Jimmy Wales, and he says, "the NUPEDIA thing isn't
+ working, we've gotta try something else. Ward Cunningham has this thing called wiki is kind of a collaborative editing site, why don't we try wiki as a way of just-getting-this-going will jump-start the creation Mart
+
+ So seeing no other alternative they put up a wiki, Sanger recruit some people to write some
+ stub articles and that of course is Wikipedia born in the rest history. Within months Wikipedia had generated far more articles than NUPEDIA had in its entire highly-planned life. And by the end of that year, NUPEDIA shut down with Wikipedia was off to the races.
+
+ So hold that thought.
+
+ In August this year in New York where I live, a guy Patrick McConnell lock
+
+ 38
+ 00:02:20,680 --> 00:02:23,930
+ who was a 23-year-old who works at a
+
+ 39
+ 00:02:23,930 --> 00:02:28,170
+ company called kick-ass capital in New
+ York walking
+
+ 40
+ 00:02:28,169 --> 00:02:32,589
+ back and forth between home and work as
+ one does he saw a lot of homes people
+
+ 41
+ 00:02:32,590 --> 00:02:36,950
+ as one does but there was one guy that
+ stood out to him he said with that guy
+
+ 42
+ 00:02:36,949 --> 00:02:40,649
+ he doesn't seem completely distracted he
+ doesn't seem
+
+ 43
+ 00:02:40,650 --> 00:02:45,310
+ completely decimated by situation and
+ cola put up
+
+ 44
+ 00:02:45,310 --> 00:02:50,990
+ a post about this observation is about
+ this home and the title of the post was
+
+ 45
+ 00:02:50,990 --> 00:02:55,900
+ finding the unjustly homeless and
+ teaching them to code
+
+ 46
+ 00:02:55,900 --> 00:03:01,180
+ and a common strategy was to go to this
+ guy and say oh either come back come
+
+ 47
+ 00:03:01,180 --> 00:03:03,150
+ back tomorrow either give you 100 bucks
+
+ 48
+ 00:03:03,150 --> 00:03:07,099
+ I'm going to bring three books about
+ JavaScript and a laptop
+
+ 49
+ 00:03:07,099 --> 00:03:13,620
+ you can the Laughing began almost
+ immediately when this post went up in a
+
+ 50
+ 00:03:13,620 --> 00:03:14,319
+ wimp
+
+ 51
+ 00:03:14,318 --> 00:03:17,000
+ one in that vein right for them all the
+ information that there was such a thing
+
+ 52
+ 00:03:17,000 --> 00:03:18,580
+ as the unjustly homers
+
+ 53
+ 00:03:18,580 --> 00:03:21,940
+ and you could sort those people out from
+ the justly homeless I
+
+ 54
+ 00:03:21,939 --> 00:03:26,870
+ he went on to meet a whole plan for the
+ skies like without bothering to learn
+
+ 55
+ 00:03:26,870 --> 00:03:30,780
+ his name in the first post he called him
+ the journeyman hacker
+
+ 56
+ 00:03:30,780 --> 00:03:34,318
+ right and the Internet as it does
+
+ 57
+ 00:03:34,318 --> 00:03:38,939
+ exploded right the criticism was
+ widespread an instantaneous
+
+ 58
+ 00:03:38,939 --> 00:03:42,349
+ and the details just kept adding
+
+ 59
+ 00:03:42,349 --> 00:03:46,709
+ up macaan logs CrunchBase profile first
+ ball he has a CrunchBase profile
+
+ 60
+ 00:03:46,709 --> 00:03:49,840
+ work on much CrunchBase profile his him
+ standing
+
+ 61
+ 00:03:49,840 --> 00:03:52,879
+ on a boat behind the captain's wheel
+
+ 62
+ 00:03:52,879 --> 00:03:57,959
+ holding a Paul Boyd by got done I
+ mention the Macondo with what you
+
+ 63
+ 00:03:57,959 --> 00:04:01,539
+ probably could figure that out by now
+ and that Leo
+
+ 64
+ 00:04:01,539 --> 00:04:05,250
+ turned out to be the homeless guy's name
+ leah was black you could probably have
+
+ 65
+ 00:04:05,250 --> 00:04:06,318
+ guessed it actually
+
+ 66
+ 00:04:06,318 --> 00:04:11,539
+ just goes on and on to get interested in
+ this and I started reading the criticism
+
+ 67
+ 00:04:11,539 --> 00:04:16,259
+ and it was widespread it was the
+ luminous
+
+ 68
+ 00:04:16,259 --> 00:04:19,489
+ and I came across a piece by marine
+ Malone in
+
+ 69
+ 00:04:19,488 --> 00:04:22,549
+ I in the new republic
+
+ 70
+ 00:04:22,550 --> 00:04:28,100
+ and Malone said that don't bother me
+ with the factual limitations styled
+
+ 71
+ 00:04:28,100 --> 00:04:29,480
+ dreaming
+
+ 72
+ 00:04:29,480 --> 00:04:33,790
+ can be useful for startups was not so
+ useful for thinking about social
+
+ 73
+ 00:04:33,790 --> 00:04:35,870
+ problems
+
+ 74
+ 00:04:35,870 --> 00:04:39,600
+ another friend brought me up short
+ because that didn't sound right
+
+ 75
+ 00:04:39,600 --> 00:04:44,070
+ is it right it can't be the case that if
+ you're thinking about social problems
+
+ 76
+ 00:04:44,069 --> 00:04:45,719
+ you have to accept
+
+ 77
+ 00:04:45,720 --> 00:04:49,220
+ that all existing constraints are
+ removable
+
+ 78
+ 00:04:49,220 --> 00:04:53,780
+ that doesn't sound like problem solving
+ that sounds like capitulation
+
+ 79
+ 00:04:53,779 --> 00:04:58,500
+ so then I went back and I started
+ reading the criticism again but now with
+
+ 80
+ 00:04:58,500 --> 00:04:59,120
+ the new
+
+ 81
+ 00:04:59,120 --> 00:05:03,459
+ I towards this end I've is this a
+ problem we can move or not
+
+ 82
+ 00:05:03,459 --> 00:05:07,698
+ I started reading the comments as well
+ the comment on these articles
+
+ 83
+ 00:05:07,699 --> 00:05:12,080
+ to get all over the map is comments are
+ so many people in the comment to let the
+
+ 84
+ 00:05:12,079 --> 00:05:16,029
+ guys trying to do something it obviously
+ ham-handed cringe-worthy even but at
+
+ 85
+ 00:05:16,029 --> 00:05:17,659
+ least he's doing something
+
+ 86
+ 00:05:17,660 --> 00:05:21,260
+ cut him some slack but there was another
+ group
+
+ 87
+ 00:05:21,259 --> 00:05:24,829
+ in the comment that was unbelievably
+ harsh
+
+ 88
+ 00:05:24,829 --> 00:05:29,819
+ but they weren't being harsh to macomb
+ they were being harsh about Lee
+
+ 89
+ 00:05:29,819 --> 00:05:33,159
+ track there were people in the company
+ never laid eyes on the sky in their
+
+ 90
+ 00:05:33,160 --> 00:05:34,090
+ lives
+
+ 91
+ 00:05:34,089 --> 00:05:38,129
+ who are willing to take these obviously
+ an alcoholic he must be addicted to
+
+ 92
+ 00:05:38,129 --> 00:05:38,730
+ drugs
+
+ 93
+ 00:05:38,730 --> 00:05:44,250
+ he's probably a feat the people who
+ would the harshest
+
+ 94
+ 00:05:44,250 --> 00:05:48,649
+ to the homeless guy that everyone was
+ talking about
+
+ 95
+ 00:05:48,649 --> 00:05:51,909
+ with the people who assume that
+ McConnell I was going to fail it became
+
+ 96
+ 00:05:51,910 --> 00:05:54,860
+ clear in a way that they wanted him to
+ fail
+
+ 97
+ 00:05:54,860 --> 00:05:59,430
+ that whatever else he done he defended
+ their sense that homelessness
+
+ 98
+ 00:05:59,430 --> 00:06:02,680
+ was an intractable problem
+
+ 99
+ 00:06:02,680 --> 00:06:06,189
+ and I realized I've been reading the
+ criticism wrong I've been reading the
+
+ 100
+ 00:06:06,189 --> 00:06:08,500
+ criticism saying
+
+ 101
+ 00:06:08,500 --> 00:06:12,040
+ I agree with this and I don't agree with
+ that this one seems right that one seems
+
+ 102
+ 00:06:12,040 --> 00:06:12,590
+ wrong
+
+ 103
+ 00:06:12,589 --> 00:06:16,399
+ but that wasn't what mattered about the
+ criticism
+
+ 104
+ 00:06:16,399 --> 00:06:20,168
+ what mattered about the criticism wise
+ is it helping
+
+ 105
+ 00:06:20,168 --> 00:06:23,609
+ or not so many places
+
+ 106
+ 00:06:23,610 --> 00:06:27,229
+ rota wrote a very thoughtful piece
+ criticizing work on Logan is idea if
+
+ 107
+ 00:06:27,228 --> 00:06:30,779
+ I've saving homes left homeless by
+ teaching JavaScript
+
+ 108
+ 00:06:30,779 --> 00:06:34,359
+ they should look we know the problem
+ homelessness
+
+ 109
+ 00:06:34,360 --> 00:06:37,970
+ we know the problem the home said they
+ were lack homes
+
+ 110
+ 00:06:37,970 --> 00:06:42,190
+ right you solve that problem with
+ housing first if you don't do that
+
+ 111
+ 00:06:42,189 --> 00:06:47,339
+ nothing else woman you can have a
+ lottery actions that you could say
+
+ 112
+ 00:06:47,339 --> 00:06:50,099
+ that interesting I didn't know about
+ that research I'm gonna change what I'm
+
+ 113
+ 00:06:50,100 --> 00:06:50,919
+ doing
+
+ 114
+ 00:06:50,918 --> 00:06:54,740
+ you could say I think in New York City
+ it's different I think for some classes
+
+ 115
+ 00:06:54,740 --> 00:06:57,519
+ of homeless people are some situations
+ it's different
+
+ 116
+ 00:06:57,519 --> 00:07:02,430
+ but almost any reaction you could have
+ to a glaze uses past
+
+ 117
+ 00:07:02,430 --> 00:07:06,150
+ would make you smart thats
+
+ 118
+ 00:07:06,149 --> 00:07:11,429
+ helpful critics helpful criticism said I
+ see what you're trying to do their
+
+ 119
+ 00:07:11,430 --> 00:07:15,509
+ I don't think it's going to work becom
+ stand where I am
+
+ 120
+ 00:07:15,509 --> 00:07:20,520
+ let me show you what the world looks
+ like from my point of view
+
+ 121
+ 00:07:20,519 --> 00:07:23,639
+ and then there was other criticism again
+ Hall use
+
+ 122
+ 00:07:23,639 --> 00:07:28,990
+ as harsh as the Glade as skeptical as a
+ glade with very different %uh
+
+ 123
+ 00:07:28,990 --> 00:07:32,030
+ the tone of this criticism was corrosive
+ it didn't say
+
+ 124
+ 00:07:32,029 --> 00:07:36,508
+ come stand where I it said stop
+
+ 125
+ 00:07:36,509 --> 00:07:39,790
+ just stop what you're doing it didn't
+ say
+
+ 126
+ 00:07:39,790 --> 00:07:43,729
+ take a different tack at the problem it
+ said go
+
+ 127
+ 00:07:43,728 --> 00:07:47,779
+ a wet corrosive criticism
+
+ 128
+ 00:07:47,779 --> 00:07:51,689
+ is is addressed to
+
+ 129
+ 00:07:51,689 --> 00:07:55,719
+ the person solving the problem not the
+ problem its
+
+ 130
+ 00:07:55,720 --> 00:07:58,720
+ to view listing too helpful criticism
+ it's not like it's all
+
+ 131
+ 00:07:58,720 --> 00:08:01,750
+ happy in shining right much helpful
+ criticism
+
+ 132
+ 00:08:01,750 --> 00:08:04,990
+ is tremendously harsh in responding to
+ his painful
+
+ 133
+ 00:08:04,990 --> 00:08:09,129
+ but the real question is does responding
+ to it make you smarter
+
+ 134
+ 00:08:09,129 --> 00:08:12,529
+ corrosive criticism is not like that
+ corrosive criticisms almost by
+
+ 135
+ 00:08:12,529 --> 00:08:13,719
+ definition
+
+ 136
+ 00:08:13,720 --> 00:08:18,539
+ designed not to make you smarter about
+ the prop
+
+ 137
+ 00:08:18,538 --> 00:08:23,610
+ and fleeing seeing this tension between
+ these two kinds of criticism mccormack I
+
+ 138
+ 00:08:23,610 --> 00:08:24,569
+ dot
+
+ 139
+ 00:08:24,569 --> 00:08:28,800
+ there's no easy way to characterize
+
+ 140
+ 00:08:28,800 --> 00:08:32,038
+ what mcconnell August trying to do with
+ to
+
+ 141
+ 00:08:32,038 --> 00:08:35,348
+ for Leo the homeless guy
+
+ 142
+ 00:08:35,349 --> 00:08:37,769
+ there some parts but they're good
+ they're some parts but they're bad
+
+ 143
+ 00:08:37,769 --> 00:08:39,389
+ there's no simple
+
+ 144
+ 00:08:39,389 --> 00:08:44,360
+ solution there's no point of view you
+ can adopt that clarifies everything
+
+ 145
+ 00:08:44,360 --> 00:08:48,769
+ and I thought I recognize this this is
+ the sorting out time
+
+ 146
+ 00:08:48,769 --> 00:08:52,499
+ I'm live to the sorting out time for two
+ other things one
+
+ 147
+ 00:08:52,499 --> 00:08:56,199
+ questions of general utility of the web
+ and the other is
+
+ 148
+ 00:08:56,198 --> 00:09:00,448
+ the possibility that social media will
+ work in matter and spread
+
+ 149
+ 00:09:00,448 --> 00:09:03,818
+ any generally goes like this: some new
+ tool comes along
+
+ 150
+ 00:09:03,818 --> 00:09:07,588
+ and people look at think I can't do new
+ things with
+
+ 151
+ 00:09:07,589 --> 00:09:11,300
+ right any new technology makes new
+ things possible
+
+ 152
+ 00:09:11,299 --> 00:09:14,889
+ battle that's what it does it certainly
+ doesn't make new thing possible to
+
+ 153
+ 00:09:14,889 --> 00:09:17,459
+ either not new or it's not a technology
+
+ 154
+ 00:09:17,458 --> 00:09:20,659
+ when you get a new technology you don't
+ know how to use it so you go around
+
+ 155
+ 00:09:20,659 --> 00:09:23,328
+ looking for places where it might fit
+
+ 156
+ 00:09:23,328 --> 00:09:27,578
+ this is often criticized as all that
+ tool in search of a problem
+
+ 157
+ 00:09:27,578 --> 00:09:31,558
+ but courses when we got hold of the web
+ in the early nineties nothing in the
+
+ 158
+ 00:09:31,558 --> 00:09:34,639
+ world look like the web so we had to say
+ does it fit here
+
+ 159
+ 00:09:34,639 --> 00:09:38,339
+ does it fit their but selling plane
+ tickets didn't look like the web selling
+
+ 160
+ 00:09:38,339 --> 00:09:40,470
+ books didn't look like the web search
+ engines
+
+ 161
+ 00:09:40,470 --> 00:09:43,600
+ hadn't even been thawed out yet
+
+ 162
+ 00:09:43,600 --> 00:09:47,860
+ and the reaction that stuff in the
+ beginning is well that won't work
+
+ 163
+ 00:09:47,860 --> 00:09:51,089
+ when it starts to work then react as
+ well that won't last
+
+ 164
+ 00:09:51,089 --> 00:09:54,420
+ and then it starts the locked and the
+ reactors levels K
+
+ 165
+ 00:09:54,419 --> 00:09:57,789
+ and then its banks but and then you get
+ to the sorting out time
+
+ 166
+ 00:09:57,789 --> 00:10:01,448
+ then you get to the point where
+ everybody realizes this stuff
+
+ 167
+ 00:10:01,448 --> 00:10:04,998
+ is actually embedded in what's possible
+ in the world
+
+ 168
+ 00:10:04,999 --> 00:10:08,300
+ it happen with the web it happen with
+ social media
+
+ 169
+ 00:10:08,299 --> 00:10:12,349
+ reading this thing with work on login
+ Leo I think it's happening now
+
+ 170
+ 00:10:12,350 --> 00:10:16,420
+ with the idea Civic Media I think we're
+ past the point
+
+ 171
+ 00:10:16,419 --> 00:10:21,399
+ with the easy the easy ideas in the easy
+ answers what characterizes the debate it
+
+ 172
+ 00:10:21,399 --> 00:10:23,909
+ isn't just about finding potholes
+ anymore
+
+ 173
+ 00:10:23,909 --> 00:10:27,178
+ right isn't just about adopting fire hot
+ right
+
+ 174
+ 00:10:27,178 --> 00:10:30,578
+ we're stretching into the party the
+ system where
+
+ 175
+ 00:10:30,578 --> 00:10:33,738
+ were actually having to figure out what
+ fits wear
+
+ 176
+ 00:10:33,739 --> 00:10:38,329
+ why and that's why sorting out the
+ difference between helpful
+
+ 177
+ 00:10:38,328 --> 00:10:43,088
+ and corrosive criticism matter so much
+
+ 178
+ 00:10:43,089 --> 00:10:47,069
+ have to listen to the helpful critics
+ even if they're mean even if their harsh
+
+ 179
+ 00:10:47,068 --> 00:10:50,409
+ even if they're angry because responding
+ to them
+
+ 180
+ 00:10:50,409 --> 00:10:55,938
+ will make you smarter you can't afford
+ to listen to the corrosive critics
+
+ 181
+ 00:10:55,938 --> 00:10:59,519
+ not because they're wrong they're almost
+ always right
+
+ 182
+ 00:10:59,519 --> 00:11:04,499
+ if you wanna feel like a genius go find
+ some place for people trying to do
+
+ 183
+ 00:11:04,499 --> 00:11:05,509
+ something new
+
+ 184
+ 00:11:05,509 --> 00:11:08,959
+ and tell them that they'll fail you'll
+ be right
+
+ 185
+ 00:11:08,958 --> 00:11:12,118
+ nine times that attack 19 times out of
+ 20
+
+ 186
+ 00:11:12,119 --> 00:11:15,778
+ you don't even have to understand the
+ problem they're working on the algorithm
+
+ 187
+ 00:11:15,778 --> 00:11:17,308
+ is very simple
+
+ 188
+ 00:11:17,308 --> 00:11:21,379
+ while one predict failure
+
+ 189
+ 00:11:21,379 --> 00:11:27,379
+ you get it right most of the time it to
+ cheap I
+
+ 190
+ 00:11:27,379 --> 00:11:31,209
+ but the thing the corrosive critics want
+ you to believe
+
+ 191
+ 00:11:31,208 --> 00:11:35,039
+ is that the sentence almost nothing will
+ work
+
+ 192
+ 00:11:35,039 --> 00:11:39,318
+ which is obviously true is the same as
+ the sentence
+
+ 193
+ 00:11:39,318 --> 00:11:42,789
+ nothing will work which is completely
+ false
+
+ 194
+ 00:11:42,789 --> 00:11:46,868
+ every success in human history is passed
+ to the eye that needle
+
+ 195
+ 00:11:46,869 --> 00:11:50,800
+ every success in human history has
+ threaded its way past
+
+ 196
+ 00:11:50,799 --> 00:11:54,159
+ almost nothing will work atter
+
+ 197
+ 00:11:54,159 --> 00:11:57,759
+ understand where you
+
+ 198
+ 00:11:57,759 --> 00:12:01,558
+ or in trying to take on a problem solved
+
+ 199
+ 00:12:01,558 --> 00:12:05,448
+ you have to figure out what it is you're
+ committing yourself to
+
+ 200
+ 00:12:05,448 --> 00:12:09,938
+ what kinda resources your marshalling
+ and where you fit
+
+ 201
+ 00:12:09,938 --> 00:12:13,828
+ how you're taking on the problem and how
+ the problems
+
+ 202
+ 00:12:13,828 --> 00:12:17,188
+ the easiest problems to take on the
+ great problems are just
+
+ 203
+ 00:12:17,188 --> 00:12:21,238
+ technical probs right their problems
+ where you just don't have the
+
+ 204
+ 00:12:21,239 --> 00:12:22,439
+ information you need
+
+ 205
+ 00:12:22,438 --> 00:12:26,360
+ to solve the problem and if you got it
+ if you working on something where you
+
+ 206
+ 00:12:26,360 --> 00:12:27,928
+ just need more information
+
+ 207
+ 00:12:27,928 --> 00:12:31,338
+ and you're working with digital tools
+ this is paradise right
+
+ 208
+ 00:12:31,339 --> 00:12:35,989
+ it's no accident that the poster child
+ for this kind of work in the last decade
+
+ 209
+ 00:12:35,989 --> 00:12:41,528
+ was possible fix because there is no pro
+ pothole lobby you have to go up against
+
+ 210
+ 00:12:41,528 --> 00:12:46,448
+ right maybe the mayor's brother in law
+ and an asphalt plant on it a little more
+
+ 211
+ 00:12:46,448 --> 00:12:49,238
+ expensive than you like to fix the
+ potholes
+
+ 212
+ 00:12:49,239 --> 00:12:53,239
+ but really the problem is just
+ information if I can identify where the
+
+ 213
+ 00:12:53,239 --> 00:12:54,199
+ potholes or
+
+ 214
+ 00:12:54,198 --> 00:12:57,828
+ I can do a better job in this is great
+ potholes are a problem
+
+ 215
+ 00:12:57,828 --> 00:13:01,159
+ problems have solutions best
+
+ 216
+ 00:13:01,159 --> 00:13:05,988
+ best of all possible worlds if you're
+ working on a technical problem
+
+ 217
+ 00:13:05,989 --> 00:13:10,569
+ you can make rapid progress without a
+ lot of political issues
+
+ 218
+ 00:13:10,568 --> 00:13:13,669
+ one up from the technical problems for
+ the managerial problem managerial
+
+ 219
+ 00:13:13,669 --> 00:13:16,628
+ problems where there's a tension between
+
+ 220
+ 00:13:16,629 --> 00:13:19,949
+ the government and what the government
+ is trying to do
+
+ 221
+ 00:13:19,948 --> 00:13:23,878
+ and the citizens in with the citizens
+ are trying to do near very often you
+
+ 222
+ 00:13:23,879 --> 00:13:27,149
+ have to negotiate things in a more
+ complicated way
+
+ 223
+ 00:13:27,149 --> 00:13:31,198
+ right when new york city launched its
+ bike-sharing program put up a map it
+
+ 224
+ 00:13:31,198 --> 00:13:34,258
+ said basically where do you want
+
+ 225
+ 00:13:34,259 --> 00:13:38,089
+ there to be a bike station and of course
+ everybody said click I want one right by
+
+ 226
+ 00:13:38,089 --> 00:13:40,899
+ my home click I want one right by work
+
+ 227
+ 00:13:40,899 --> 00:13:45,159
+ right now this looks like the possible
+ problem I just help us identify street
+
+ 228
+ 00:13:45,159 --> 00:13:48,118
+ corners where the things might work
+
+ 229
+ 00:13:48,119 --> 00:13:51,428
+ that was the public rationale for
+ putting up this map we are
+
+ 230
+ 00:13:51,428 --> 00:13:54,749
+ crowd-sourcing where the bike station
+ should go
+
+ 231
+ 00:13:54,749 --> 00:13:59,269
+ the secret rationale was for people log
+ into the map it own mike got a lot of
+
+ 232
+ 00:13:59,269 --> 00:14:02,139
+ people are excited about this bike
+ sharing program
+
+ 233
+ 00:14:02,139 --> 00:14:07,188
+ right the map didn't just surface
+ information it legitimate and helped
+
+ 234
+ 00:14:07,188 --> 00:14:09,358
+ create a constituency for
+
+ 235
+ 00:14:09,359 --> 00:14:13,559
+ the bike sharing program in the first
+ place managerial proms are considerably
+
+ 236
+ 00:14:13,558 --> 00:14:15,588
+ more complicated than technical problems
+
+ 237
+ 00:14:15,589 --> 00:14:19,319
+ because they require not just the
+ information they require political will
+
+ 238
+ 00:14:19,318 --> 00:14:20,419
+ they require
+
+ 239
+ 00:14:20,419 --> 00:14:24,099
+ communication with the citizens in more
+ than just email us a picture of a
+
+ 240
+ 00:14:24,100 --> 00:14:25,009
+ powerful
+
+ 241
+ 00:14:25,009 --> 00:14:29,178
+ with an attached slatwall and then up
+ for managerial problems are political
+
+ 242
+ 00:14:29,178 --> 00:14:31,600
+ props political problems with the
+ hardball
+
+ 243
+ 00:14:31,600 --> 00:14:34,980
+ political problems where there's
+ disagreement even inside the government
+
+ 244
+ 00:14:34,980 --> 00:14:38,308
+ as to what constitutes possible
+
+ 245
+ 00:14:38,308 --> 00:14:43,149
+ way for is possible to imagine a city
+ with no piles
+
+ 246
+ 00:14:43,149 --> 00:14:46,828
+ it is not possible to imagine city with
+ no prostitutes
+
+ 247
+ 00:14:46,828 --> 00:14:52,078
+ to the is no way to take on da problem
+ with prostitution
+
+ 248
+ 00:14:52,078 --> 00:14:55,919
+ because people don't even agrees to what
+ the goalie
+
+ 249
+ 00:14:55,919 --> 00:14:59,229
+ is and I don't just mean as the left
+ right split
+
+ 250
+ 00:14:59,230 --> 00:15:03,589
+ thats normal in american politics I mean
+ even within coalitions right
+
+ 251
+ 00:15:03,589 --> 00:15:06,629
+ at the extremes to the progressive left
+
+ 252
+ 00:15:06,629 --> 00:15:10,480
+ there are people who what sex work to
+ stop and there are people who want sex
+
+ 253
+ 00:15:10,480 --> 00:15:11,249
+ work to become
+
+ 254
+ 00:15:11,249 --> 00:15:15,379
+ a better job and there's never going to
+ be
+
+ 255
+ 00:15:15,379 --> 00:15:18,819
+ any solution to that problem because the
+ problem
+
+ 256
+ 00:15:18,818 --> 00:15:25,769
+ resists easy definition once your up at
+ the political level
+
+ 257
+ 00:15:25,769 --> 00:15:29,318
+ you're not dealing with problems anymore
+ you're dealing with the lemmas
+
+ 258
+ 00:15:29,318 --> 00:15:32,808
+ and you don't have solutions you only
+ have trade-offs and you have to
+
+ 259
+ 00:15:32,808 --> 00:15:33,789
+ understand
+
+ 260
+ 00:15:33,789 --> 00:15:36,958
+ what the trade-offs or
+
+ 261
+ 00:15:36,958 --> 00:15:41,768
+ so if people what to distract you
+
+ 262
+ 00:15:41,769 --> 00:15:45,589
+ as they want to distract you when ever
+ anybody tries
+
+ 263
+ 00:15:45,589 --> 00:15:49,799
+ anything new someone will try to
+ distract
+
+ 264
+ 00:15:49,798 --> 00:15:53,970
+ easiest way to do that is to intimate
+ that the problem you're working on is
+
+ 265
+ 00:15:53,970 --> 00:15:55,980
+ not the real problem
+
+ 266
+ 00:15:55,980 --> 00:15:59,609
+ if you're working on a technical problem
+ if you said I just I have to get more
+
+ 267
+ 00:15:59,609 --> 00:16:01,350
+ information to solve this problem
+
+ 268
+ 00:16:01,350 --> 00:16:05,319
+ I can come in and say well you working
+ on potholes what you really need to be
+
+ 269
+ 00:16:05,318 --> 00:16:08,088
+ working on improving traffic flow
+ citywide
+
+ 270
+ 00:16:08,089 --> 00:16:12,220
+ but your little thing isn't gonna thank
+ and if you're taking on a giant
+
+ 271
+ 00:16:12,220 --> 00:16:13,980
+ political problem
+
+ 272
+ 00:16:13,980 --> 00:16:17,769
+ like increase the traffic flow citywide
+ I can come in if that's totally
+
+ 273
+ 00:16:17,769 --> 00:16:20,789
+ impractical you should be working on the
+ part
+
+ 274
+ 00:16:20,789 --> 00:16:25,509
+ I can always distract you by intimating
+ that the level you're working at is the
+
+ 275
+ 00:16:25,509 --> 00:16:26,499
+ wrong
+
+ 276
+ 00:16:26,499 --> 00:16:31,540
+ level to be working one of the reasons
+ you have to understand
+
+ 277
+ 00:16:31,539 --> 00:16:35,719
+ what it is you're trying to do is to
+ keep from getting distracted with either
+
+ 278
+ 00:16:35,720 --> 00:16:38,410
+ larger scale or smaller scale problems
+
+ 279
+ 00:16:38,409 --> 00:16:41,600
+ you also have to understand where you
+ fit are you just trying to gather
+
+ 280
+ 00:16:41,600 --> 00:16:42,528
+ information
+
+ 281
+ 00:16:42,528 --> 00:16:45,668
+ are you trying to bridge the gap between
+ the citizens in the government are you
+
+ 282
+ 00:16:45,668 --> 00:16:49,489
+ actually trying to hash out some fight
+
+ 283
+ 00:16:49,489 --> 00:16:54,389
+ inside the government and those laugh
+ problems the political problem so hard
+
+ 284
+ 00:16:54,389 --> 00:16:56,730
+ to follow to think that as an example
+
+ 285
+ 00:16:56,730 --> 00:17:00,688
+ right shared citizen budgeting the
+ porter Allegri process
+
+ 286
+ 00:17:00,688 --> 00:17:03,889
+ right has been a Rand and
+ well-documented
+
+ 287
+ 00:17:03,889 --> 00:17:06,959
+ and works and has good effect in yet it
+ spread
+
+ 288
+ 00:17:06,959 --> 00:17:11,839
+ verrrrry very slowly because anything
+ that touches the political party the
+
+ 289
+ 00:17:11,838 --> 00:17:13,059
+ process
+
+ 290
+ 00:17:13,059 --> 00:17:18,019
+ is really hard to change
+
+ 291
+ 00:17:18,019 --> 00:17:21,059
+ in all of this matters
+
+ 292
+ 00:17:21,059 --> 00:17:24,659
+ this sorting out of the helpful from the
+ corrosive criticism and knowing which
+
+ 293
+ 00:17:24,660 --> 00:17:28,380
+ level the problem you're trying to take
+ all
+
+ 294
+ 00:17:28,380 --> 00:17:31,520
+ because the most important resource
+
+ 295
+ 00:17:31,519 --> 00:17:34,759
+ you've got is it
+
+ 296
+ 00:17:34,759 --> 00:17:39,019
+ strategy are you planning your tactics
+ is not your tools or your technology
+
+ 297
+ 00:17:39,019 --> 00:17:44,539
+ your project management the most
+ important resource you've got
+
+ 298
+ 00:17:44,539 --> 00:17:48,079
+ your own ability to change
+
+ 299
+ 00:17:48,079 --> 00:17:52,179
+ your mind that's what matters
+
+ 300
+ 00:17:52,180 --> 00:17:56,200
+ over the long haul so
+
+ 301
+ 00:17:56,200 --> 00:17:59,819
+ as I was getting on the plane to come
+ here yesterday I got a funny
+
+ 302
+ 00:17:59,819 --> 00:18:03,009
+ piece of news WEA the homeless guy
+
+ 303
+ 00:18:03,009 --> 00:18:07,180
+ with the laptop in the job script books
+ got arrested yesterday morning
+
+ 304
+ 00:18:07,180 --> 00:18:10,529
+ and why people do off the bench in took
+ in downtown
+
+ 305
+ 00:18:10,529 --> 00:18:14,490
+ arrested him for sleep in the park
+ because he doesn't have any place to go
+
+ 306
+ 00:18:14,490 --> 00:18:16,019
+ home
+
+ 307
+ 00:18:16,019 --> 00:18:19,109
+ and come on shows up to their usual
+ meeting spot yesterday morning
+
+ 308
+ 00:18:19,109 --> 00:18:22,689
+ Celia gone sees the coffee cups of
+ coffee cup kicked over
+
+ 309
+ 00:18:22,690 --> 00:18:27,019
+ realizes what happened goes to a nearby
+ traffic upset the guy
+
+ 310
+ 00:18:27,019 --> 00:18:30,109
+ that sit on a bench right there did you
+ see where he went traffic up to the I
+
+ 311
+ 00:18:30,109 --> 00:18:31,529
+ got arrested
+
+ 312
+ 00:18:31,529 --> 00:18:35,470
+ & Co log goes down 10
+
+ 313
+ 00:18:35,470 --> 00:18:39,299
+ and tries to get Leah bailed out of jail
+ and try to get his laptop which has been
+
+ 314
+ 00:18:39,299 --> 00:18:40,480
+ confiscated back
+
+ 315
+ 00:18:40,480 --> 00:18:43,759
+ that still going on now there's no
+ resolution that leo's
+
+ 316
+ 00:18:43,759 --> 00:18:46,829
+ still incarcerated his laptop is still
+
+ 317
+ 00:18:46,829 --> 00:18:50,519
+ in police possession but kongers work
+
+ 318
+ 00:18:50,519 --> 00:18:55,759
+ and this may work right mccormack has an
+ enormous amount of resources at his
+
+ 319
+ 00:18:55,759 --> 00:18:56,879
+ disposal
+
+ 320
+ 00:18:56,880 --> 00:19:00,540
+ I they've got 100 media attention now in
+ part because the car for further
+
+ 321
+ 00:19:00,539 --> 00:19:04,099
+ mcconnell kicked off a couple of months
+ ago
+
+ 322
+ 00:19:04,099 --> 00:19:07,179
+ two things go well for Leo it's not
+ going to be because this is a general
+
+ 323
+ 00:19:07,180 --> 00:19:09,009
+ solution to some sort of
+
+ 324
+ 00:19:09,009 --> 00:19:12,710
+ problem of homelessness it'll be this
+ will be a fairy godparents story
+
+ 325
+ 00:19:12,710 --> 00:19:16,549
+ right because tim allen's point out
+ fairy godparents downscale
+
+ 326
+ 00:19:16,549 --> 00:19:20,069
+ but thats that's not I think the
+ important part of the story the
+
+ 327
+ 00:19:20,069 --> 00:19:22,470
+ important part of the story is
+
+ 328
+ 00:19:22,470 --> 00:19:27,240
+ the colon went from being a guy who felt
+ comfortable characterizing people as the
+
+ 329
+ 00:19:27,240 --> 00:19:30,000
+ justly and unjustly home
+
+ 330
+ 00:19:30,000 --> 00:19:34,059
+ guy who felt comfortable hawking about
+ the homeless without even bothering to
+
+ 331
+ 00:19:34,059 --> 00:19:35,019
+ learn
+
+ 332
+ 00:19:35,019 --> 00:19:39,039
+ the name of the person he was tired
+ heater from that guy
+
+ 333
+ 00:19:39,039 --> 00:19:43,139
+ into a guy who takes time out of a work
+ day to try and get his friend bailed out
+
+ 334
+ 00:19:43,140 --> 00:19:45,009
+ of jail I'll tell you as a new yorker
+
+ 335
+ 00:19:45,009 --> 00:19:49,240
+ nobody voluntarily interacts with the
+ NYPD
+
+ 336
+ 00:19:49,240 --> 00:19:53,210
+ right that's a big change
+
+ 337
+ 00:19:53,210 --> 00:19:56,529
+ and it may not matter in the long term
+ this may just turn out to be a story
+
+ 338
+ 00:19:56,529 --> 00:19:59,960
+ that macaan like tells his friends next
+ time is on the boat about this one time
+
+ 339
+ 00:19:59,960 --> 00:20:01,509
+ he did this one thing
+
+ 340
+ 00:20:01,509 --> 00:20:06,450
+ that can certainly happen what is clear
+ them a common would not have learned
+
+ 341
+ 00:20:06,450 --> 00:20:08,750
+ what he's learned
+
+ 342
+ 00:20:08,750 --> 00:20:12,119
+ about the problems with homelessness the
+ problems the homeless face
+
+ 343
+ 00:20:12,119 --> 00:20:15,579
+ if it hadn't started out with the wrong
+ idea
+
+ 344
+ 00:20:15,579 --> 00:20:20,710
+ and been willing to test it in the world
+ it's not the people who do nothing
+
+ 345
+ 00:20:20,710 --> 00:20:24,500
+ who learn new things and that
+
+ 346
+ 00:20:24,500 --> 00:20:28,279
+ that possibility the possibility of a
+ learning
+
+ 347
+ 00:20:28,279 --> 00:20:32,940
+ as you go that's the essential resource
+
+ 348
+ 00:20:32,940 --> 00:20:36,730
+ in this room government get this wrong
+
+ 349
+ 00:20:36,730 --> 00:20:42,110
+ all the time government almost designed
+ to get this wrong government said
+
+ 350
+ 00:20:42,109 --> 00:20:45,229
+ we had that big project we did all that
+ planning it didn't go well
+
+ 351
+ 00:20:45,230 --> 00:20:49,000
+ I know next time we'll just plan harder
+
+ 352
+ 00:20:49,000 --> 00:20:55,380
+ right you can't just plan harder and get
+ where you need to go you can't
+
+ 353
+ 00:20:55,380 --> 00:20:58,920
+ get a rocket to the moon by just aiming
+ better
+
+ 354
+ 00:20:58,920 --> 00:21:03,640
+ at launch you have to start with course
+ correction
+
+ 355
+ 00:21:03,640 --> 00:21:06,920
+ the other extreme doesn't work either
+ the people who say I know will have a
+
+ 356
+ 00:21:06,920 --> 00:21:07,720
+ hackathon
+
+ 357
+ 00:21:07,720 --> 00:21:10,839
+ unconference in will develop a solution
+
+ 358
+ 00:21:10,839 --> 00:21:15,509
+ I'm that doesn't work either hackathons
+ don't
+
+ 359
+ 00:21:15,509 --> 00:21:19,440
+ come up with solutions pack up and come
+ up with a kind hand waving national
+
+ 360
+ 00:21:19,440 --> 00:21:22,480
+ you can do in a day and a half right
+
+ 361
+ 00:21:22,480 --> 00:21:26,140
+ the output a hackathon isn't
+
+ 362
+ 00:21:26,140 --> 00:21:31,150
+ a solution output a hacker fight is a
+ better understanding a problem the
+
+ 363
+ 00:21:31,150 --> 00:21:32,340
+ product at the hackathon
+
+ 364
+ 00:21:32,339 --> 00:21:36,549
+ isn't running code it's the social
+ capital developed
+
+ 365
+ 00:21:36,549 --> 00:21:41,389
+ among the people in the room
+
+ 366
+ 00:21:41,390 --> 00:21:44,400
+ so we've all gone school people in my
+ tribe have all gone to school on the new
+
+ 367
+ 00:21:44,400 --> 00:21:46,009
+ PD a story
+
+ 368
+ 00:21:46,009 --> 00:21:50,119
+ we all know NUPEDIA a failed because they
+ were so process heavy is anybody's ever
+
+ 369
+ 00:21:50,119 --> 00:21:51,819
+ been a bureaucracy knows
+
+ 370
+ 00:21:51,819 --> 00:21:56,710
+ when you have a seven-step process for
+ developing something as new PD ahead
+
+ 371
+ 00:21:56,710 --> 00:22:00,440
+ what you have severin different places
+ where things can grind
+
+ 372
+ 00:22:00,440 --> 00:22:03,799
+ to complete hot right and we learned
+
+ 373
+ 00:22:03,799 --> 00:22:07,779
+ that story but there's a deeper story
+ there
+
+ 374
+ 00:22:07,779 --> 00:22:13,250
+ right which is this the people who made
+ new PD a fail
+
+ 375
+ 00:22:13,250 --> 00:22:17,500
+ with the people who made Wikipedia
+ succeed
+
+ 376
+ 00:22:17,500 --> 00:22:21,650
+ when sanger needed people to try out his
+ wiki he didn't go out to the public
+
+ 377
+ 00:22:21,650 --> 00:22:22,100
+ Internet
+
+ 378
+ 00:22:22,099 --> 00:22:26,490
+ say come one come all it's trying to
+ stay he went to the people who worked
+
+ 379
+ 00:22:26,490 --> 00:22:31,549
+ with him for nine much trying to build
+ encyclopedia different way
+
+ 380
+ 00:22:31,549 --> 00:22:35,009
+ and he relied on those people had a
+ build up enough trust
+
+ 381
+ 00:22:35,009 --> 00:22:38,400
+ and enough the sensibility of what their
+ goal were that they were willing to try
+
+ 382
+ 00:22:38,400 --> 00:22:39,170
+ something new
+
+ 383
+ 00:22:39,170 --> 00:22:42,710
+ and he didn't go to them with a big
+ promise that this weekly thing was gonna
+
+ 384
+ 00:22:42,710 --> 00:22:43,569
+ be
+
+ 385
+ 00:22:43,569 --> 00:22:46,710
+ the victory he went to them
+
+ 386
+ 00:22:46,710 --> 00:22:50,569
+ having hit he went to the very modestly
+ he said
+
+ 387
+ 00:22:50,569 --> 00:22:53,799
+ look this may not work humor me
+
+ 388
+ 00:22:53,799 --> 00:22:58,059
+ go there try it will pick you all up
+ five minutes
+
+ 389
+ 00:22:58,059 --> 00:23:02,740
+ the output have NUPEDIA it wasn't a
+ failed encyclopedia dead URL be
+
+ 390
+ 00:23:02,740 --> 00:23:08,120
+ output have NUPEDIA with the people
+ willing to try something else
+
+ 391
+ 00:23:08,119 --> 00:23:12,559
+ week EP via the most widely used
+ encyclopedia in the history
+
+ 392
+ 00:23:12,559 --> 00:23:16,990
+ up the world his plan B
+
+ 393
+ 00:23:16,990 --> 00:23:21,400
+ that ability the ability to build up
+ among a group of people
+
+ 394
+ 00:23:21,400 --> 00:23:26,440
+ a set up trust a center focus so that
+ they can try something new is very
+
+ 395
+ 00:23:26,440 --> 00:23:29,960
+ often the critical output
+
+ 396
+ 00:23:29,960 --> 00:23:35,819
+ that may not be you when you design a
+ project your plan a may work correct
+
+ 397
+ 00:23:35,819 --> 00:23:40,929
+ it happen sometimes but it's not the
+ normal case
+
+ 398
+ 00:23:40,930 --> 00:23:44,480
+ and as you're setting out to do whatever
+ it is you want to do or for those of you
+
+ 399
+ 00:23:44,480 --> 00:23:47,150
+ who have been through this process as
+ you've done
+
+ 400
+ 00:23:47,150 --> 00:23:52,990
+ whatever you've done important thing to
+ recognize is
+
+ 401
+ 00:23:52,990 --> 00:23:56,880
+ you were building up your own ability
+
+ 402
+ 00:23:56,880 --> 00:24:01,050
+ to understand the problem whatever else
+ happens when you set out
+
+ 403
+ 00:24:01,049 --> 00:24:04,149
+ that's the precious resource while the
+ best hardware
+
+ 404
+ 00:24:04,150 --> 00:24:07,769
+ hardware prototype is I've ever known
+ better data piana tell it came to visit
+
+ 405
+ 00:24:07,769 --> 00:24:09,529
+ one my class
+
+ 406
+ 00:24:09,529 --> 00:24:12,779
+ and she said I used to think I would
+ build the first prototype to show the
+
+ 407
+ 00:24:12,779 --> 00:24:14,029
+ client
+
+ 408
+ 00:24:14,029 --> 00:24:17,829
+ a solution to their problems but I've
+ come to realize that you build the first
+
+ 409
+ 00:24:17,829 --> 00:24:18,720
+ prototype
+
+ 410
+ 00:24:18,720 --> 00:24:21,990
+ to show the client that they don't yet
+ understand
+
+ 411
+ 00:24:21,990 --> 00:24:27,519
+ the problem right very often you don't
+ get people to even tell you what it is
+
+ 412
+ 00:24:27,519 --> 00:24:29,160
+ that they need
+
+ 413
+ 00:24:29,160 --> 00:24:34,360
+ and tell you can show them something
+ that is concrete Lee wrong
+
+ 414
+ 00:24:34,359 --> 00:24:38,169
+ that that ability the ability to say
+
+ 415
+ 00:24:38,170 --> 00:24:41,110
+ we're doing all the planning we can
+ we're learning everything about the
+
+ 416
+ 00:24:41,109 --> 00:24:44,829
+ problem we can we're heading off in this
+ direction
+
+ 417
+ 00:24:44,829 --> 00:24:49,059
+ is used you have to do that but you also
+ have to say
+
+ 418
+ 00:24:49,059 --> 00:24:52,309
+ were also setting out with the sense
+ that
+
+ 419
+ 00:24:52,309 --> 00:24:56,839
+ we're the important resource the people
+ working on this in our ability to learn
+
+ 420
+ 00:24:56,839 --> 00:25:00,779
+ from this and change our minds
+
+ 421
+ 00:25:00,779 --> 00:25:03,950
+ is what's gonna make or break this over
+ the long haul because
+
+ 422
+ 00:25:03,950 --> 00:25:08,100
+ across the history of large successful
+ projects
+
+ 423
+ 00:25:08,099 --> 00:25:12,159
+ almost nothing ended up the way it
+ started out
+
+ 424
+ 00:25:12,160 --> 00:25:15,550
+ when you look at the group that made
+ things work what you see is that it
+
+ 425
+ 00:25:15,549 --> 00:25:16,210
+ isn't
+
+ 426
+ 00:25:16,210 --> 00:25:19,430
+ it is how they it is what they did first
+
+ 427
+ 00:25:19,430 --> 00:25:23,710
+ that mattered was what they did next
+ 428
+ 00:25:23,710 --> 00:25:25,519
+ so thank you all and good luck
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