MaD | clkao: Open Source, Open Data, Open Government 字幕翻譯

編輯歷史

時間	作者	版本
2017-07-07 18:40 – 18:40	(unknown)	r0 – r1
顯示 diff + MaD \| clkao: Open Source, Open Data, Open Government 字幕翻譯 + https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-BYb5wFAxOA&feature=youtu.be + + + 字幕 CC-BY 釋出 + + 協作方式：校對英文，並將中文打在下面（part 2 時間軸要加上 10m13s，不過請不要修改，到時候在用程式一併改正） + + Note: 口語中嗯嗯啊啊或改口部分請直接刪除讓英文通順 + + 認領請先簽名：（可分中文、英文。英文完成後請 mark done；中文請等英文校對後再開始進行） + part 1 + 1-30: + * isacl(英 done) , clkao(中, done) + 31-60: + Pichu Chen(英 done) , ipa (中 done) + 61-90 + jiayan(英done) , CHIU-HSIN(中done) + 91-120: + jiayan(英done), megan(中,done) + 121-150: + jiayan(英done) , megan(中,done) + 151- + * ballII(英done. reviewed) , ballII(中done) + + part 2 + 1-30: + LCamel (英 done, reviewed) LCamel (中, done, reviewed) + 31-60: ballII(英done, reviewed) ballII(中done) + 61-90: ballII(英done) ballII(中done) + 91-120: cades(英done, reviewed) <沒有人>(中) + 121-: clkao(英 done) + + Part 1 + ========= + 1 + 00:00:06,599 --> 00:00:08,339 + In 2012 + 2012 年的時候 + + 2 + 00:00:08,339 --> 00:00:12,230 + the Taiwanese government aired a + commercial about "Economy power up plan" + 台灣政府播放了一個「經濟動能推升方案」的廣告 + + 3 + 00:00:12,230 --> 00:00:15,269 + Essentially the commercial is saying that + 基本上這個廣告的內容是在說 + + 4 + 00:00:15,269 --> 00:00:18,439 + "Economy affairs are very complicated + 經濟事務非常的複雜 + + 5 + 00:00:18,439 --> 00:00:22,730 + you, or we, the citizens don't need to know the + details. They will take care of it." + 我們公民們不需要知道細節，政府會嚴格把關 + + 6 + 00:00:22,730 --> 00:00:27,449 + "And we should just mind our business and let them do + whatever they think it's appropriate." + 而我們應該只要管好我們自己的事務，讓他們去做他們認為是恰當的事 + + 7 + 00:00:27,449 --> 00:00:30,670 + I was kinda disturbed by this + 我對「你不需要知道細節」 + + 8 + 00:00:30,670 --> 00:00:34,420 + idea of being, like, well you don't need to know + that. + 這樣的概念感到惱火 + + 9 + 00:00:34,420 --> 00:00:38,050 + So what I felt is that tax money is burning + 我覺得我們繳的稅金就這樣被燒了 + + 10 + 00:00:38,049 --> 00:00:42,789 + like for free. So I felt really angry + 我覺得非常生氣 + + 11 + 00:00:42,789 --> 00:00:46,308 + I really wanted to do something about + this. + 於是我很想做點什麼 + + 12 + 00:00:46,308 --> 00:00:51,649 + As you probably know I write software. + I really like writing software + 你大概知道我是寫軟體的 + 我很喜歡寫軟體 + + 13 + 00:00:51,649 --> 00:00:54,878 + even when I broke my spine and had to be + hospitalized for + 甚至當我摔斷脊椎需要住院躺平三個禮拜 + + 14 + 00:00:54,878 --> 00:00:58,119 + three weeks lying flat I still like writing software. + 我還是很喜歡寫軟體 + + 15 + 00:00:58,119 --> 00:01:02,828 + Anyway, that's my twitter (@clkao) you can follow me. + 總之，這是我的 twitter 帳號 (@clkao)，你可以 follow 我 + + 16 + 00:01:02,829 --> 00:01:06,579 + So being like a software developer what + I wanted to do + 作為一個軟體開發者，我想做什麼呢？ + + 17 + 00:01:06,579 --> 00:01:10,030 + is that - okay the government is spending + money in some + 好，既然政府用一種我無法理解的方式在花錢 + + 18 + 00:01:10,030 --> 00:01:14,200 + way I didn't understand. How about that + take a closer look at it? + 不如我們來仔細看看這件事情 + + 19 + 00:01:14,200 --> 00:01:17,759 + So a couple of friends and I tried to look at how + the government budgets + 於是我和一些朋友開始看政府預算支出 + + 20 + 00:01:17,759 --> 00:01:21,118 + is spent. Of course government released a + budget + 當然政府預算是用長得像這樣的 pdf 檔釋出 + + 21 + 00:1:21,118 --> 00:01:25,109 + in a PDF file looks like that. So with + some programming + 於是我們寫了一些軟體 + + 23 + 00:01:30,478 --> 00:01:35,769 + we turned that into bubbles. This is the + budget visualization. + 把預算變成了一個個的泡泡 + 這是預算的視覺化 + + 24 + 00:01:35,769 --> 00:01:38,939 + Each of the bubbles represent an entry of a budget. + 每個泡泡代表一筆預算 + + 25 + 00:01:38,939 --> 00:01:42,459 + You can group that by sectors or the + 你可以用政事別來看 + + 26 + 00:01:42,459 --> 00:01:46,810 + ministry that responsible for it. And + also when you hover over + 或者權責機關來看 + 並且滑鼠移上去時 + + 27 + 00:01:46,810 --> 00:01:49,868 + the bubbles you can see a history of + individual entries. + 你可以看到該筆預算過往的紀錄 + + 28 + 00:01:49,868 --> 00:01:56,618 + That's easier to understand, right ? + 這讓人更容易了解，不是嗎？ + + 29 + 00:01:56,618 --> 00:02:00,728 + So the idea of the g0v movement is that + we know the government website in Taiwan is called "gov.tw", + g0v 運動的概念是這樣 + 台灣的政府網站叫做 gov.tw + + 30 + 00:02:00,728 --> 00:02:03,969 + what if we just replace one letter + 要是我們能代換網址的一個字母 + + 31 + 00:02:03,969 --> 00:02:08,419 + 'O'(oh) to '0'(zero). It suddenly becomes a better + 從 O 變成零 + 他突然就變成一個更好用的網站 + + 32 + 00:02:08,419 --> 00:02:11,780 + and easier to use website. So + + 33 + 00:02:11,780 --> 00:02:15,640 + that also stands for the idea that + 同時，他也代表了 + + 34 + 00:02:15,639 --> 00:02:19,229 + it's from the digital natives like me and many of you, + 數位原生世代，如我自己和許多在座各位 + + 35 + 00:02:19,229 --> 00:02:23,039 + who are rethinking how the government should + work in this digital age from zero. + 我們來重新思考 + 在數位時代，政府該如何運作 + + 36 + 00:02:23,039 --> 00:02:28,090 + So what we do is that we start Hackathons. + 因此我們就開始舉辦黑客松 + + 37 + 00:02:28,090 --> 00:02:31,289 + Hackthon is the kind of event it's essentially + 黑客松是一種工作坊 + + 38 + 00:02:31,289 --> 00:02:34,328 + Hack Marathon. So Hack it's not like + 就是黑客馬拉松 + + 39 + 00:02:34,329 --> 00:02:37,500 + breaking into someone else computers. + It's like creating things + 這不是指入侵別人的電腦主機 + + 40 + 00:02:37,500 --> 00:02:40,669 + or magically making things happen. This's called + "Hacking" + 而是創造新的東西、用巧妙的方式解決問題 + 我們稱為 hacking + + 41 + 00:02:40,669 --> 00:02:44,039 + so it's like a one day long food + consuming + 黑客松當天會提供很多食物 + + 42 + 00:02:44,039 --> 00:02:48,519 + or working session. Because the + 大家就聚在一起工作一整天 + + 43 + 00:02:48,519 --> 00:02:51,718 + the kind of problem that we want to + visualize the + 我們想把很複雜的議題視覺化 + + 44 + 00:02:51,718 --> 00:02:55,408 + things like budgets and other + things that is very complicated. We need + 例如中央政府總預算 + + 45 + 00:02:55,408 --> 00:03:01,548 + a lot of people to help. How do you + get a lot of people to help on projects? + 我們需要很多人的投入 + 要怎麼樣找來很多人一起加入專案工作呢？ + + 46 + 00:03:01,549 --> 00:03:03,939 + You buy them foods. + 就是準備很多食物！ + + 47 + 00:03:03,939 --> 00:03:07,789 + Lots of food. So a typical Hackthon is like that + 通常一整天的黑客松流程大概是這樣 + + 48 + 00:03:07,789 --> 00:03:11,109 + we have about a hundred of people in the room, in + the morning + 每次大約有一百人參加 + + 49 + 00:03:11,110 --> 00:03:14,640 + there's no agenda. So people come with + their own projects + 沒有預定的議程，每個人帶著自己想做的專案來 + + 50 + 00:03:14,639 --> 00:03:18,019 + and tell other people what they have been doing and + what kind of help they want from + 上台報告自己手上的專案，並說明需要什麼樣的協助 + + 51 + 00:03:18,020 --> 00:03:21,450 + others and they start talking to + each other and see they can have a + 接著就開始討論自行組隊，在一天內衝刺 + + 52 + 00:03:21,449 --> 00:03:25,549 + group together in one day. In the + afternoon people hack and + 下午就是一直 hack 和吃東西作軟體 + + 53 + 00:03:25,550 --> 00:03:29,540 + eat and create software. + What's amazing is that usually + 令人訝異的是，通常到了下午 + + 54 + 00:03:29,539 --> 00:03:33,400 + in the afternoon we start having working prototypes + people come on + 就會產出一些雛形 + + 55 + 00:03:33,400 --> 00:03:37,250 + stage and presenting them to others. + Just in one day + 每一組上台報告當天的工作成果 + + 56 + 00:03:37,250 --> 00:03:40,770 + we can build something that's useful and can be + improved later on. + 這些初步雛形之後還能繼續開發改善 + + 57 + 00:03:40,770 --> 00:03:44,210 + so the way + + 58 + 00:03:44,210 --> 00:03:48,689 + you get lot of people like hundreds + of people to work together + 所以上百人來一起工作 + + 59 + 00:03:48,689 --> 00:03:52,379 + effectively its kind of weird and then + 還要有效率，聽起來很難對吧？ + + 60 + 00:03:52,379 --> 00:03:56,340 + hard to manage right? + But luckily we have + idea of + 但還好我們有開放原始碼的文化幫助推動社群工作 + + 61 + 00:03:56,340 --> 00:04:00,729 + open source that's been helping + how the community work. + 開放源碼有助於 + 社群的推動 + + 62 + 00:04:00,729 --> 00:04:05,389 + so the central idea of open source is that when + you release your software + 開放源碼的中心思想是 + 當你釋出你的軟體時 + + 63 + 00:04:05,389 --> 00:04:09,139 + you release in source form which means that + people can look at how + 以源碼的形式釋出, 意味著人們可以查看 + + 64 + 00:04:09,139 --> 00:04:13,369 + it works and then they can modify it and + improve it and release it again + 軟體是如何運作，而且可以修改它、 + 精進它、並且再一次將他釋出 + + 65 + 00:04:13,370 --> 00:04:17,739 + so I myself have been open source developer for 15 years + 我自己已經擔任了15年的開源碼開發人員 + + 66 + 00:04:17,738 --> 00:04:21,439 + most of the time spent is writing software + 幾乎所有的時間都花在撰寫軟體 + + 67 + 00:04:21,439 --> 00:04:24,689 + pretty much + 花了非常多時間 + + 68 + 00:04:24,689 --> 00:04:28,050 + all the time when I was not sleeping so + 只要我不是睡著的時候都是 + + 69 + 00:04:28,050 --> 00:04:31,160 + most of the software I wrote is released + to the public for anyone to use + 大多數我所寫的軟體都釋出 + 公開讓任何人都能使用 + + 70 + 00:04:31,160 --> 00:04:35,240 + and the open source idea came up from a simple idea that + 開放源碼這個想法來自一個簡單的主意 + + 71 + 00:04:35,240 --> 00:04:38,480 + the engineers who solve + the problem + 工程師解決問題後 + + 72 + 00:04:38,480 --> 00:04:42,310 + they want to share the solution to + others so people don't have to solve the + 他們想要跟其他人分享解答 + 如此一來，人們便不需要 + + 73 + 00:04:42,310 --> 00:04:43,259 + same problem again + 重複去處理相同的問題 + + 74 + 00:04:43,259 --> 00:04:46,699 + instead they can build the solution on + together + 反而可以共同建立解決方案 + + 75 + 00:04:46,699 --> 00:04:50,939 + into solving bigger problems so it + soon become like a massive + 進而處理更大的問題 + 所以他很快地變得像個大社群 + + 76 + 00:04:50,939 --> 00:04:55,209 + community because people can improve + each others' work + 因為人們可以讓彼此的工作更加完好 + + 77 + 00:04:55,209 --> 00:04:59,219 + and then create more useful tools + 並且製造更多有用的工具 + + 78 + 00:04:59,220 --> 00:05:03,169 + So, recently I contributed to a open source + project released by Google + 最近我參與 + 由谷歌（Google）釋出的開源碼專案 + + 79 + 00:05:03,168 --> 00:05:07,649 + the project has about 20,000 people + watching it + 這專案已經有大約20,000人關注它 + + 80 + 00:05:07,649 --> 00:05:11,539 + and has about 600 contributors + 而且有600個貢獻者 + + 81 + 00:05:11,540 --> 00:05:15,870 + it is really hard to imagine a piece of + software by any commercial company can be + 對商業公司來說 + 難以想像一個軟體元件 + + 82 + 00:05:15,870 --> 00:05:16,329 + written + + 83 + 00:05:16,329 --> 00:05:21,159 + by so many people + but it is very common in open source project + 可以由這麼多人一起開發 + 但這在開源碼專案中是相當稀鬆平常的 + + 84 + 00:05:21,160 --> 00:05:22,289 + but what's more interesting is that + 但更有趣的其實是 + + 85 + 00:05:22,288 --> 00:05:25,689 + at this given moment of time there are 250 + 就在此刻 + + 86 + 00:05:25,689 --> 00:05:29,399 + different versions of this software + that's made by other people + 這個軟體有250種不同版本 + 被其他人寫出 + + 87 + 00:05:29,399 --> 00:05:33,339 + being submitted to the maintainer of the + project. Each of these + 被提交給專案的維護者 + + 88 + 00:05:33,339 --> 00:05:37,299 + different version, or we call branch, is either + a bugfix + 這些不同的版本，或者我們稱作分支 + 要不是修復臭蟲 + + 89 + 00:05:37,300 --> 00:05:41,100 + or a new feature + so you can see this massive concurrent + 就是一個新功能 + 所以你可以在這樣的模式中看見 + + 90 + 00:05:41,100 --> 00:05:44,970 + collaboration and development of + software in this model + 軟體的大規模同步協作和開發是非常有效率的 + + 91 + 00:05:44,970 --> 00:05:47,970 + being very effective. + 是相當有效率的 + + 92 + 00:05:47,970 --> 00:05:51,330 + So, for those of you not very familiar with software development + 有些人可能不是很熟悉軟體開發的流程 + + 93 + 00:05:51,329 --> 00:05:55,459 + imagine as you use Google Doc or some + similar online document tools + 想像你在使用 Google 文件或是類似的線上文件工具 + + 94 + 00:05:55,459 --> 00:05:58,939 + imagine you have a Google Doc and a lot + of people + 想像有份 Google 文件，很多人可以同時編輯 + + 95 + 00:05:58,939 --> 00:06:02,819 + can edit it at the same time. So you see a lot of different color of cursors down there. + 於是可以看到下面有很多不同顏色的游標 + + 96 + 00:06:02,819 --> 00:06:06,389 + And what's different from + that software development + 和這不同的是，軟體開發更複雜 + + 97 + 00:06:06,389 --> 00:06:09,629 + a bit more complicated so we allow + people to make + 所以我們讓人們可以做他們自己的版本 + + 98 + 00:06:09,629 --> 00:06:13,519 + their own version of it and then later we decide + 之後再決定如何合併成一個新的標準版本 + + 99 + 00:06:13,519 --> 00:06:16,759 + how they are merged together into a new + canonical version + + 100 + 00:06:16,759 --> 00:06:19,810 + so this is kind of like a + + 101 + 00:06:19,810 --> 00:06:23,060 + effective way of working and this soon become + 這種有效率的工作方式 + + 102 + 00:06:23,060 --> 00:06:26,490 + like a hobby of software + developers + 很快地這變成了軟體開發者的嗜好 + + 103 + 00:06:26,490 --> 00:06:30,810 + into a whole eco-system, by eco-system I + mean there are successful commercial + 成為一套完整的生態系統，我指的「生態系統」，是指這一整套系統，可以有成功的商業應用 + + 104 + 00:06:30,810 --> 00:06:34,019 + usage or business built a ton of the whole + system + 或以此系統為基礎，發展出的商業模式 + + 105 + 00:06:34,019 --> 00:06:37,810 + for example, any of you not using Android or iPhone? + 舉例來說，你們之間有人不是用 Android 或 iPhone 手機的嗎？ + + 106 + 00:06:37,810 --> 00:06:41,410 + probably all of you (are using it), so you are the user of + 大概全部的人都有使用。 + 所以你們都是開放源碼科技下的受惠者 + + 107 + 00:06:41,410 --> 00:06:45,550 + open source technologies. Imagine this + being a close system + 試想如果是一個封閉的系統 + + 108 + 00:06:45,550 --> 00:06:48,829 + like when you sometimes see ATM + crashing into blue screen + 例如我們看到自動提款機故障，成為藍白畫面 + + 109 + 00:06:48,829 --> 00:06:52,569 + It's not very nice. So, this is a + 感覺很不好，對吧？ + 這兩個舉例（手機與 ATM) 不知道怎麼翻比較連貫 + * + 110 + 00:06:52,569 --> 00:06:55,959 + powerful idea of collaboration without central coordination. + 這樣的一個無中央統籌，分散式地協作方式 + 是個很強大的工作模式 + + 111 + 00:06:55,959 --> 00:06:59,299 + So things can happen simultaneously + 很多事情可以同時發生 + + 112 + 00:06:59,300 --> 00:07:02,889 + and very efficiently. So + 非常有效率 + + 113 + 00:07:02,889 --> 00:07:07,538 + The seemingly chaotic way of working + together + 這個混沌無主的協作模式 + + 114 + 00:07:07,538 --> 00:07:12,519 + soon inspire a smart guy saying "Hey! can + we not use this model and put + *not? should be "now" + 啟發了一個聰明人 + 他說：「我們來應用這樣的模式吧！」 + + 115 + 00:07:12,519 --> 00:07:16,459 + all the human knowledge together in a place for anyone + to access + 「把人類的知識，蒐集到一個大家都能免費取得的地方」 + + 116 + 00:07:16,459 --> 00:07:19,948 + for free?" yes Wikipedia! so + 「維基百科」因此誕生 + + 117 + 00:07:19,949 --> 00:07:23,540 + most of us know Wikipedia from that + because it's like a wiki + 我們了解，維基百科是一種共筆系統 + + 118 + 00:07:23,540 --> 00:07:28,389 + everyone can edit, right? but more importantly + is that the content on Wikipedia + 但更重要的是維基百科的內容 + + 119 + 00:07:28,389 --> 00:07:31,579 + is opening licensed and everyone can reuse it + 是開放授權的，且任何人都能再利用 + + 120 + 00:07:31,579 --> 00:07:35,300 + and that's the reason why people are + willing to contribute + 這也是為何人們願意貢獻高品質內容給它的原因 + + 121 + 00:07:35,300 --> 00:07:39,300 + quality content to it. So by using it + I mean + 所以藉著這樣的方式 + + 122 + 00:07:39,300 --> 00:07:42,680 + things like you can build different ways of + 我們可以做許多事，例如建立不同方式 + + 123 + 00:07:42,680 --> 00:07:46,040 + viewing Wikipedia articles. + 來瀏覽維基百科的文章 + + 124 + 00:07:46,040 --> 00:07:49,139 + Most of you probably know this moral and + national education + 大多數人大概都知道，香港現在進行德育及國民教育的新聞 + + 125 + 00:07:49,139 --> 00:07:54,000 + thing in Hong Kong right? This is really well + written article on Wikipedia + 在維基百科上有一篇撰寫得很好的文章 + + 126 + 00:07:54,000 --> 00:07:57,459 + so but it's very long so it's like + 但這篇文章很長 + + 127 + 00:07:57,459 --> 00:08:00,500 + you can't really tell people what happened + 不容易在短短幾句話內，解釋讓其他人了解 + + 128 + 00:08:00,500 --> 00:08:05,110 + within three sentences right? so there's a + g0v project that turns any Wikipedia + 因此產生了一個g0v的專案，能將任何一篇維基百科的文章 + + 129 + 00:08:05,110 --> 00:08:08,939 + page into a timeline representation + 轉換成一個時間軸展示 + + 130 + 00:08:08,939 --> 00:08:12,550 + so you can scroll through all the + important date of what happened + 捲動時間軸，你就能看到重要事件發生的日期 + + 131 + 00:08:12,550 --> 00:08:16,129 + and this data is from Wikipedia so + that's the power + 而這些資料全部來自維基百科，而這就是開放內容的力量 + + 132 + 00:08:16,129 --> 00:08:22,000 + of open content. You can make use in + some creative ways + 你可以用某些創新的方式利用資料 + + 133 + 00:08:22,000 --> 00:08:25,180 + and right + 而且 + + 134 + 00:08:25,180 --> 00:08:31,389 + scroll through. And you can link into individual + content + 只要往下捲動，就可以連結到個別的內容 + + 135 + 00:08:31,389 --> 00:08:38,389 + another example is the TV license. How + many of you were there? + 另外一個例子是電視牌照。你們有多少人去了？ + + 136 + 00:08:38,589 --> 00:08:41,729 + okay so this crazy idea like + 所以這個瘋狂的想法： + + 137 + 00:08:41,729 --> 00:08:44,949 + openly creating content also inspire + people say + 「內容的開放創建」，也帶給人們靈感 + 138 + 00:08:44,948 --> 00:08:48,409 + “okay can we not make maps like Wikipedia?" + 有的人問：「那好，我們能用建立維基百科的方式繪製地圖嗎？」 + + 139 + 00:08:48,409 --> 00:08:51,549 + so this is the OpenStreetMap project + we talk about + 而這就是我們提到的OpenStreetMap專案 + + 140 + 00:08:51,549 --> 00:08:54,549 + and this flashing thing on the earth + 地面上這個亮點 + + 141 + 00:08:54,549 --> 00:08:57,740 + is the mapping data being edited by someone. + 代表有一位參與者正在編輯地圖資料 + + 142 + 00:08:57,740 --> 00:09:01,419 + By mapping data, I mean roads or building or + landscape + 地圖資料指的是道路、建築、地景等相關資料 + + 143 + 00:09:01,419 --> 00:09:06,129 + things like that but the Wikipedia is just text content + 維基百科只有文字資料 + + 144 + 00:09:06,129 --> 00:09:09,828 + but mapping is the actual data so + 而繪製地圖使用的是實際資料 + + 145 + 00:09:09,828 --> 00:09:13,189 + with actual data, you can do a lot of + creative things like + 使用實際資料時，可以做許多創新的事 + + 146 + 00:09:13,190 --> 00:09:16,390 + here's an example for wheelchair map + 這是一個輪椅地圖的例子 + + 147 + 00:09:16,389 --> 00:09:20,600 + so in Hong Kong which subway exits are + wheelchair friendly + 可以看到在香港那些地鐵出口能夠使用輪椅 + + 148 + 00:09:20,600 --> 00:09:24,000 + you can use it to to see. + + 149 + 00:09:24,000 --> 00:09:27,070 + or you can plot the highways with + 或者你可以畫出各高速公路 + + 150 + 00:09:27,070 --> 00:09:30,970 + speed limit on them + so there are about hundreds of different + 其上顯示速限 + 有上百種不同的方式 + + 151 + 00:09:30,970 --> 00:09:34,149 + ways of using mapping data based on + 來利用OpenStreetMap的地圖資料 + + 152 + 00:09:34,149 --> 00:09:37,379 + OpenStreetMap data and that's also the + power of open + 這也是開放授權的資料有力的地方 + + 153 + 00:09:37,379 --> 00:09:41,708 + openly license data + + 154 + 00:09:41,708 --> 00:09:46,500 + so when we talk about Open Data + essentially Wikipedia and + 當我們在談開放資料時 + 基本上，Wikipedia和 + + 155 + 00:09:46,500 --> 00:09:50,889 + OpenStreetMap are kind of crowd contributed + Open Data + OpenStreetMap是種群眾貢獻的開放資料 + + 156 + 00:09:50,889 --> 00:09:55,429 + but when we talk about it nowadays + usually we mean government Open Data + 但目前我們談的 Open Data 大多是指政府的開放資料 + + 157 + 00:09:55,429 --> 00:09:59,399 + and because government want to release + more information to the people + 因為政府希望釋放更多資訊給人民 + + 158 + 00:09:59,399 --> 00:10:04,169 + to show their commitment of transparency + and transparency is the prerequisite + 以展示他們對資料透明化所付出的心力 + 而且透明化是群眾參與所不可或缺的先決條件 + + 159 + 00:10:04,169 --> 00:10:07,698 + for participation + so you have to have all the data available + 所以你必須讓所有資料易於取得 + + 160 + 00:10:07,698 --> 00:10:11,049 + for people to see to discuss and then people can + participate + 如此人民才能看到、討論它們，進而參與 + + Part 2 + ========= offset 10:13 + 1 + 00:00:01,139 --> 00:00:03,958 + So to better understand how the government works, + 為了更了解政府如何運作 + + 2 + 00:00:03,959 --> 00:00:07,108 + we tried to look at the legislative branch, + 我們嘗試觀察立法院 + + 3 + 00:00:07,108 --> 00:00:10,490 + the congress. So for example, here's a government + 國會. 舉例來說, 這是政府 + + 4 + 00:00:10,490 --> 00:00:14,519 + congress vote record. It's really hard + to read these tiny text, right? + 國會投票記錄. 這些小字看起來很難懂吧? + + 5 + 00:00:14,519 --> 00:00:19,528 + So we turned that into a nice chart. And you can easily see + 所以我們把它轉成漂亮的圖表. 這樣你可以輕易地看出 + + 6 + 00:00:19,528 --> 00:00:23,339 + who did what. And similarly + 誰做了什麼. 同樣地, + + 7 + 00:00:23,339 --> 00:00:28,089 + we try to visualize how a bill was + introduced and put into a committee, + 我們視覺化了法案如何產生, 交付委員會, + + 8 + 00:00:28,089 --> 00:00:32,429 + being discussed. And maybe there is a hearing + or something. And then maybe they are passed + 如何討論, 或許有公聽會或什麼, 或許通過了, + + 9 + 00:00:32,429 --> 00:00:33,289 + or they are just + 或許他們根本 + + 10 + 00:00:33,289 --> 00:00:37,009 + not handled in the congress. + And here's a way to see + 沒被國會處理. 這裡我們能看到 + + 11 + 00:00:37,009 --> 00:00:40,229 + how each bill, how many bills up there + 每個法案是如何, 有多少法案正在 + + 12 + 00:00:40,229 --> 00:00:44,128 + in what stages and things like that. Also, + 哪個處理階段等等. 另外, + + 13 + 00:00:44,128 --> 00:00:47,820 + when a bill was proposed, it is about to + change the law, + 當法案提出時, 會改到現有的法律, + + 14 + 00:00:47,820 --> 00:00:52,270 + right? But the actual text for changing a + law is really hard to read + 對吧? 但是法案增修的文字很難閱讀 + + 15 + 00:00:52,270 --> 00:00:55,620 + in government data as well. So we also + turned that into + 在政府版本的資料中. 所以我們也把它轉成 + + 16 + 00:00:55,619 --> 00:01:00,280 + something we called the "diff". So the "diff" + is the way that programmers are very + 我們所謂的 "差異" (diff). "差異" 是程式設計者們 + + 17 + 00:01:00,280 --> 00:01:01,439 + familiar with, + 很熟悉的. + + 18 + 00:01:01,439 --> 00:01:04,459 + because they need to know + 因為他們必須知道 + + 19 + 00:01:04,459 --> 00:01:08,309 + what change was made by whom at what time. + 誰在什麼時候改了什麼東西. + + 20 + 00:01:08,310 --> 00:01:12,590 + So we kinda reuse this idea and then + apply it to + 所以我們重用了這個概念, 把它用在 + + 21 + 00:01:12,590 --> 00:01:17,090 + the bill being proposed. + So in the amendment you can see that + 法案上. 所以在修正案中你可以看到, + + 22 + 00:01:17,090 --> 00:01:20,329 + this is a bill introduced made in Taiwan + that + 這裡有個台灣的法案 + + 23 + 00:01:20,329 --> 00:01:23,950 + about allowing same-sex marriage. And + 關於接受同性婚姻的. + + 24 + 00:01:23,950 --> 00:01:28,140 + when we have that, we give every + bill a single URL that people can + 而且我們賦予每個法案一個可分享的網址 + + 25 + 00:01:28,140 --> 00:01:28,828 + share + + 26 + 00:01:28,828 --> 00:01:34,868 + so people can share it easily and discuss on that + 這樣大家可以很方便地分享與討論 + + 27 + 00:01:34,868 --> 00:01:37,920 + rather than arguing without a common basis. + 而不是沒有基準地互相爭吵. + + 28 + 00:01:37,920 --> 00:01:41,799 + And + 此外, + + 29 + 00:01:41,799 --> 00:01:46,670 + in the Taiwan congress we have live video feed, + but it's only available for Windows IE. + 台灣的國會有現場轉播, 但只能用 Windows IE 看. + + 30 + 00:01:46,670 --> 00:01:49,689 + How many of you are using IE? + 你們有人用 IE 嗎? + + 31 + 00:01:49,688 --> 00:01:52,989 + It's horrible right? so we kind of turned that into + 超苦的，對吧？ + + 32 + 00:01:52,989 --> 00:01:57,199 + into like a mobile-friendly on modern + browser friendly UI + 所以我們把他轉換成手持裝置和現代瀏覽器可以看的 + + 33 + 00:01:57,200 --> 00:02:01,950 + but to make it more interesting + we allow people to throw things to + 但為了讓它更有趣 + 我們讓人們能丟東西 + + 34 + 00:02:01,950 --> 00:02:05,210 + the legislator or the government officials if + that + 向這些立委和政府官員 + + 35 + 00:02:05,209 --> 00:02:11,859 + they are talking things you don't like + 如果他們的發言讓你不滿意的話 + + 36 + 00:02:11,860 --> 00:02:16,360 + and we also do some were + constructive things like + 我們也做一些有建設性的事 + + 37 + 00:02:16,360 --> 00:02:19,500 + showing that the wave form + 例如展示一整天議會記錄的音頻波型 + + 38 + 00:02:19,500 --> 00:02:22,860 + of the whole day length of the congress video + + 39 + 00:02:22,860 --> 00:02:27,010 + but this is not really a good + example of Open Data + 不過這不是一個開放資料的最佳範例 + + 40 + 00:02:27,009 --> 00:02:30,348 + because the congress data is not open we + have to + 因為議會資料其實不「開放」 + + 41 + 00:02:30,348 --> 00:02:33,378 + download the PDF and turn that + 我們必須先下載PDF檔 + + 42 + 00:02:33,378 --> 00:02:38,030 + back into raw data and present it + in the previous form you see the + 將它轉回成原始資料，再將它展示成你們剛剛看到的美觀模樣 + + 43 + 00:02:38,030 --> 00:02:38,949 + beautiful ones + + 44 + 00:02:38,949 --> 00:02:42,419 + so it's kinda of the crawling + 這是一種爬資料過程 + + 45 + 00:02:42,419 --> 00:02:45,939 + process and but a better example is + that + 更好的例子是： + + 46 + 00:02:45,939 --> 00:02:49,699 + a couple months ago the Taiwanese Environment + Agency released + 幾個月前，台灣環保局 + + 47 + 00:02:49,699 --> 00:02:54,399 + open data for air quality and then + I was able to turn this + 釋出了空氣品質的開放資料 + 而我有辦法 + + 48 + 00:02:54,400 --> 00:02:57,719 + PM 2.5 information into this beautiful + map + 將這PM 2.5資訊轉成美觀的地圖 + + 49 + 00:02:57,719 --> 00:03:02,949 + within 30 minutes and being able to put + it in 30 minutes it's not just + 這工作在30分鐘內就完成了，能夠如此的原因 + + 50 + 00:03:02,949 --> 00:03:04,509 + because the Environment Agency + 除了因為環保署開放了資料 + + 51 + 00:03:04,509 --> 00:03:08,098 + has it in open data but also because we've + done this before + 還因為我們過去已有類似經驗 + + 52 + 00:03:08,098 --> 00:03:12,439 + so last year in the typhoon season we're + not happy with the official + 去年在颱風季節，我們對官方雨量圖不甚滿意， + + 53 + 00:03:12,439 --> 00:03:15,729 + rain chart on the left because it's + updated only like + 就是左方這張，因為它每小時才更新一次 + + 54 + 00:03:15,729 --> 00:03:20,229 + hourly and you know during typhoon is very + sensitive we kinda want to know + 你知道颱風是瞬息萬變的，我們希望知道 + + 55 + 00:03:20,229 --> 00:03:24,139 + how much rain was spitting like + 即時降雨量 + + 56 + 00:03:24,139 --> 00:03:29,109 + in real time so the rain + sensors are actually updated every 10 + 雨量站其實每10分鐘就更新一次 + + 57 + 00:03:29,110 --> 00:03:29,680 + minutes + + 58 + 00:03:29,680 --> 00:03:33,090 + so we download the data and then draw + something very ugly + 於是我們下載數據，並將它畫成一個很醜的圖 + + 59 + 00:03:33,090 --> 00:03:36,509 + on the right + but the important thing is that + 就是右邊這張 + 但重要的是 + + 60 + 00:03:36,509 --> 00:03:39,609 + we publish the data and make it available + for anyone to use + 我們公開這資料，讓所有人都能取得使用 + + 61 + 00:03:39,610 --> 00:03:44,120 + and then soon after people turn that + into something really really beautiful + 不久就有人們將它變得美輪美奐 + + 62 + 00:03:44,120 --> 00:03:47,739 + and then this person also released that as open + source + 然後這個人也開放資源與工具 + + 63 + 00:03:47,739 --> 00:03:51,489 + toolkit so we can reuse that and put it + together with the environment + 以便我們再利用，於是我們整合環保局資料 + + 64 + 00:03:51,489 --> 00:03:55,459 + agency data and put a nice PM 2.5 map + within 30 minutes + 在30分鐘內做成了一張漂亮的PM 2.5地圖 + + 65 + 00:03:55,459 --> 00:03:58,878 + so this is where we are + 所以我們成就了這些東西 + + 66 + 00:03:58,878 --> 00:04:02,109 + the g0v project it's like a movement + and + g0v計畫像是一種運動 + + 67 + 00:04:02,110 --> 00:04:05,430 + very young about an year we have lots of + Hackathons + 它還很年輕，大約只有一歲，而我們已經舉辦了很多場黑客松 + + 68 + 00:04:05,430 --> 00:04:09,879 + lot of contributors so + 有非常多貢獻者 + + 69 + 00:04:09,878 --> 00:04:13,389 + the way we work is like we tried to + encourage people to use the open source + 我們運作的方式類似這樣： + 我們嘗試鼓勵人們使用開放源碼的模式協作 + + 70 + 00:04:13,389 --> 00:04:15,139 + model to collaborate even that + + 71 + 00:04:15,139 --> 00:04:19,469 + they are not software developers + so when people have an idea we encourage them to + 即使他們不是軟體工程師 + 當人們有新點子，我們鼓勵他們將它寫下 + + 72 + 00:04:19,470 --> 00:04:20,160 + write it down + + 73 + 00:04:20,160 --> 00:04:24,330 + because if you're just talking about it + people cannot help + 因為如果你只是用說的，旁人幫不了忙 + + 74 + 00:04:24,329 --> 00:04:29,189 + the idea and perfect it and better + yet we encourage people to + 無法進一步將你的點子變得更完美 + 我們也鼓勵人們 + + 75 + 00:04:29,189 --> 00:04:33,649 + draw something of their imagination + here's an imaginary congress site being + 畫下他們的想像。 + 這是他們幾個月前畫出的想像中的國會網站。 + + 76 + 00:04:33,649 --> 00:04:34,228 + drawn + + 77 + 00:04:34,228 --> 00:04:37,789 + couple months ago + and when you have something in drawing + 一旦你畫出一些東西 + + 78 + 00:04:37,790 --> 00:04:42,330 + people can turn that into actual kind of + fake website with fake + 其他人可以把它轉變成網頁實品 + + 79 + 00:04:42,329 --> 00:04:47,050 + data but like a almost working website + and there are people who can put real data in it + 用的暫時是虛構資料，但是個會動的網頁。 + 然後又有另一群人能夠找出真實資料放上去， + + 80 + 00:04:47,050 --> 00:04:51,020 + so it's like a a like open source + project developing + 所以這就像個開放源碼計畫 + + 81 + 00:04:51,019 --> 00:04:55,609 + asynchronously + 平行發展中 + + 82 + 00:04:55,610 --> 00:04:58,720 + so it also goes the same for design + process + 設計過程也是一樣 + + 83 + 00:04:58,720 --> 00:05:02,840 + and on the left you can see the first + revision of our logo is really ugly + 從左邊這張圖，你可以看到我們的第一版logo有夠醜 + + 84 + 00:05:02,839 --> 00:05:06,769 + and some designers thought oh this is too + ugly I have to make it better + 一些設計師看的覺得：噢，醜不忍賭，我必須改良它 + + 85 + 00:05:06,769 --> 00:05:10,620 + so here's a tip for people to contribute + to your project community + 所以，吸引他人對你的計畫或社群參與及貢獻的撇步就是： + + 86 + 00:05:10,620 --> 00:05:15,610 + make typos in document and make really + ugly logos + 在文件裡打錯字、畫很醜的logo + + 87 + 00:05:15,610 --> 00:05:19,319 + and it's important because you attract + people to contribute they are now part of + 吸引人來貢獻是很重要的 + 因為他們成為此社群的一份子 + + 88 + 00:05:19,319 --> 00:05:20,538 + the community + + 89 + 00:05:20,538 --> 00:05:24,159 + and their names are listed in the contributors + so they don't want to see this + 他們的名字被列為貢獻者 + 所以他們不想看到這個計畫最後失敗 + + 90 + 00:05:24,160 --> 00:05:28,130 + project to fail + + 91 + 00:05:28,129 --> 00:05:31,409 + So we've had like about 30 projects + 我們目前大概有30個專案 + + 92 + 00:05:31,410 --> 00:05:37,280 + so far and they're very diverse and all of them are open source. + 它們非常分散，而且它們全都開源 + + 93 + 00:05:37,279 --> 00:05:40,909 + The important idea for this to work + is that, + 讓這件事可以運作的一個重要概念就是 + + 94 + 00:05:40,910 --> 00:05:44,120 + it is a similar idea how the internet was built today. + 這個概念類似於現今網際網路建立的方式 + + 95 + 00:05:44,120 --> 00:05:48,129 + We roughly know that there's a idea + 我們有一個大略的想法 + + 96 + 00:05:48,129 --> 00:05:52,168 + somewhere we want to reach, there's a place we + want to reach, but we don't know exactly + 某個我們想到達的地方，一個目的地，雖然我們還不很確定 + + 97 + 00:05:52,168 --> 00:05:57,310 + we have had a rough consensus that + we want a more open government + 但我們有個概略的共識，我們想要一個更開放的政府 + + 98 + 00:05:57,310 --> 00:06:00,860 + But more importantly, we have running + code. We have working prototypes + 更重要的是，我們擁有運作的程式碼、會動的雛形 + + 99 + 00:06:00,860 --> 00:06:01,910 + for people to participate, + 能讓人們參與 + + 100 + 00:06:01,910 --> 00:06:06,020 + for people to improve. And this + is how the internet was built today + 讓人們參與改進。而這正是現今網際網路建立的方式。 + + 101 + 00:06:06,019 --> 00:06:09,839 + There's no grand plan like we have to have + browsers and mobile devices + 沒有一個像我們一樣的大型計劃去包含了瀏覽器和 + 移動裝置 + + 102 + 00:06:09,839 --> 00:06:13,060 + they just happened along the way. So + 他們就是一路上各種不斷發生演進的結果。 + + 103 + 00:06:13,060 --> 00:06:16,829 + in summary g0v is pushing toward + open government + 總的來說，g0v用開放資料推動開放政府 + + 104 + 00:06:16,829 --> 00:06:20,439 + with Open Data, or if that data is not open we + try to liberate it, + 或者如果遇到不開放的資料，我們試著讓資料可以自由流通 + + 105 + 00:06:20,439 --> 00:06:24,060 + and talk to the data owner nicely + about opening up. + 並且與資料擁有者做開放的溝通 + + 106 + 00:06:24,060 --> 00:06:27,879 + And this is run as an open source + community. + 它的運作的方式就像開源社群一樣 + + 107 + 00:06:27,879 --> 00:06:32,069 + So, what's next? + 所以，下一步是什麼？ + + 108 + 00:06:32,069 --> 00:06:35,389 + In 2008, when Iceland was badly struck by + 在 2008 年，當冰島被金融危機重重的傷害 + + 109 + 00:06:35,389 --> 00:06:38,439 + the financial crisis, people raged + 民眾非常的憤怒 + + 110 + 00:06:38,439 --> 00:06:41,689 + and then this people demand a new constitution. + 於是他們的人民要求要制定新的憲法 + + 111 + 00:06:41,689 --> 00:06:45,978 + And the Prime Minister accepted that. + Okay, we need a new constitution + 他們的總理接受了。 + 好的，我們需要新的憲法 + + 112 + 00:06:45,978 --> 00:06:49,068 + and that new constitution should be drafted + by the people + 而且新的憲法應該由人民來起草。 + + 113 + 00:06:49,069 --> 00:06:53,729 + so they have a national assembly of + 1,000 randomly selected people + 於是他們隨機選了一千多位民眾組成了國民大會 + + 114 + 00:06:53,728 --> 00:06:56,879 + to decide how constitution should be drafted. + 去決定憲法應該如何被起草。 + + 115 + 00:06:56,879 --> 00:07:01,848 + And there was a national election of 25 + committee members. + 而且還有 25 位委員會的成員。 + + 116 + 00:07:01,848 --> 00:07:05,029 + They are responsible for collecting public opinions + 他們負責從公聽會以及網路去蒐集公眾的意見 + + 117 + 00:07:05,029 --> 00:07:08,098 + from public hearing and from the internet + + 118 + 00:07:08,098 --> 00:07:13,089 + so at the end they drafted a version of + constitution that was approved + 最後他們所起草的憲法在 2012 年經過公投通過 + + 119 + 00:07:13,089 --> 00:07:16,959 + by referendum in 2012 + + 120 + 00:07:16,959 --> 00:07:21,029 + And once this constitution is ratified by + Icelandic parliament, it will be the first constitution that is + 一旦這部憲法被冰島的國會核准的話，它將會是第一部 + + 122 + 00:07:22,089 --> 00:07:25,529 + drafted by the crowd and on the Internet + 由群眾在網路上撰寫的憲法 + + 123 + 00:07:25,529 --> 00:07:29,489 + similar things are happening in Finland + where they have a new offroad + 類似的事情也發生在芬蘭 + + 124 + 00:07:29,490 --> 00:07:34,090 + traffic regulation and + they're collecting opinions before they + 當他們要制定新的雪地越野交通法令之前 + 他們從公眾蒐集意見 + + 125 + 00:07:34,089 --> 00:07:35,029 + make the law + + 126 + 00:07:35,029 --> 00:07:38,179 + from people so they collected about 100 + 所以他們蒐集了約 100 + + 127 + 00:07:38,180 --> 00:07:42,340 + submissions of proposals and thousands + of comments + 份提案書以及數以千計的意見 + + 128 + 00:07:42,339 --> 00:07:46,668 + and so things happen this way + so we can see that the technology is + 因為這些事情的發生，我們可以看到科技 + + 129 + 00:07:46,668 --> 00:07:51,149 + not just allowing us to are socially + sponsoring interesting project on + 不只是可以讓我們透過社群在kickstarter贊助有趣的專案 + + 130 + 00:07:51,149 --> 00:07:52,448 + Kickstarter + + 131 + 00:07:52,449 --> 00:07:55,788 + or renting out your spare room on airbnb + 或者把你多餘的空間租給 airbnb + + 132 + 00:07:55,788 --> 00:08:00,560 + it's also changing how policies are made + 科技是可以改變政策制定的方式 + + 133 + 00:08:00,560 --> 00:08:04,319 + so I wish you take this back + 我希望你們把這個想法 + + 134 + 00:08:04,319 --> 00:08:07,620 + to your country, try to open up + your government + 帶回你的國家 + 試著讓政府開放 + + 135 + 00:08:07,620 --> 00:08:10,930 + and because compared to the examples mentioned + 正因為和前面提到的例子相比 + + 136 + 00:08:10,930 --> 00:08:14,389 + previously, democracy in Asia is + 民主在亞洲 + + 137 + 00:08:14,389 --> 00:08:18,918 + rather young, so we need to work together + and that's why we started + 算是相當的年輕 + 因此我們需要彼此合作 + + 138 + 00:08:18,918 --> 00:08:23,370 + g0v.asia, hopefully we can have open government community + 這就是我們成立 g0v.asia 的原因 + 希望我們可以有一個開放政府的社群彼此合作交流 + + 139 + 00:08:23,370 --> 00:08:29,759 + to work together + so this afternoon we will have an exchange session + 在下午我們會有一個交流的議程 + + 140 + 00:08:29,759 --> 00:08:33,028 + and you welcome to post comments and ideas + 歡迎你把意見或想法 + + 141 + 00:08:33,028 --> 00:08:36,189 + on http://g0v.asia/mad + 張貼在 http://g0v.asia/mad + 142 + 00:08:36,190 --> 00:08:36,870 + thank you for listening + 謝謝各位的聆聽